I'm pretty sure this is the 'seam' of the world, where the map wraps around to form the illusion of a globe. It's a column a couple of squares wide where there can be only ocean. The squares in that column are also unworkable and give that pollution/unhappiness effect in the city view. In randomly generated maps that column is never accessible by a city site, but the Earth map has some oddities that do not appear in random worlds, like diagonally connected ocean and/or land tiles. Is this the stock Earth map or a modded one? I haven't played Earth in decades and don't remember Australia being like this.