Jarlaxe Baenre
Emperor
Several, I think. I've seen mods for up to 6000-turn long games, though such a slow game would become boring without additional content imho. Check the modding section.
Yes. Slower gamespeeds give all players more opportunities for longer wars. Human players can use these opportunities well, AI players not so much. The Better BtS AI mod helps though.
I once got to turn 16 on a speed I made that was 1/100th normal.
