First of all, the word you were looking for is entitlement, not entailment
While I agree with a lot of the things you say above, I would not give Firaxis a free pass for all the problems the game has. Of course, the issues are not exclusive to Firaxis at all, they are a common theme across most new games. That doesn't mean it is OK for them to work like that and we should just shut the hell up and take it!
For me, it is inexcusable for a company to make a sequel that makes the same mistakes its predecessors did. I cannot speak from experience about this particular instance because BE is my first Civilization game (I think I played the third when I was a kid but I remember literally nothing of it except that I didn't like it). However, several other games I play have done the same with sequels and from what I have read on these forums a lot of the problems of the games were issues with previous installments as well.
So, don't the different teams, like, communicate from time to time? The exploits and the things that make the game imbalanced lie on several basic concepts that can easily be identified and quickly remedied if compared with their counterparts in previous games. The energy per turn into favors into energy exploit is a simple error, someone messed up and that is bound to happen in a game as complex - fine. They will correct it in due time, happens. However, the whole concept of trade routes is flawed, I think. Nobody who played that game for more than 12 hours (at the worst) could be oblivious to how powerful they are. I went wide on my second play entirely on my own, without having any prior experience with Civilization and without reading tips, strategies, etc. It was just so obvious it was what the developers intended and the game was just PUSHING you to do. Nothing I did going tall in my first game could even remotely compare to the power of city boosting that is a wide empire. This promotes one play style unless you purposely want to handicap yourself. That is just bad design. Since the same problem has happened before in previous games, there is no excuse for the same bad design twice. They should have known better. If people came up with exploits before under the same conditions, they will come up with similar exploits under similar conditions. That should be a surprise to no one.
The truth, for me, is this. Civilization is a game catering to more casual players and "city builders". The game was never really that big on the competitive scene and single player seems to be its focus (like the Total War series, which I thoroughly enjoy). With such a game, you can get away with not caring about balance and pushing out an unfinished product. The vast majority will play it for a couple of dozen hours and move on. They won't have time to discover some of the completely broken exploits and even if they do, they wouldn't complain all that hard about the game being too easy. The complainers in single player games are always the hardcore fans and by definition they are a pretty small minority. They are an afterthought - after the money comes in, Firaxis can do patches funded by that profit and try to prolong the life and sales of the game. However, by that point the most important stage of the game's life-cycle will already be completed because it would sale on the force of the name alone.
So this was pretty long and not very well structured.
TL;DR - Balance is an afterthought because by the time customers worry about balance, the initial sales are already in. What matters in the initial development is that the game looks well at first glance and does not have visible technical issues (or at least has as little as possible). This is not primarily a multiplayer game, is not a popular E-sport game, and is not intended to have a life of more than a couple of years (except for the really hardcore fans, who don't matter all that much with regards to sales due to their relatively small number).
Almost all non-indie games have this same approach and it is to be expected. However, it is not something to shut the hell up about - quite the opposite. If we want this approach to change, we have to whine and complain and vote with our wallets. This is only the method of operation of game companies because they can get away with it!