A quick rough test suggests your second hypothesis is correct. It appears the white ones are the ones you research first. Starting techs are blue, as well as those you get from trade exchange.
* EDIT: As I suspected, there are some exceptions. For example, if you trade with the AI for one of its starting techs, which nobody else has researched yet, even if other AI civs have it from the start, you technically are the first to 'research' it, so it's white in the list. I'm pretty sure I've seen the same thing in replays. Very often, when civs start with bronze working, you'll get a 'Somebody builds first Phalanx' message before you get the 'Somebody discovers Bronze Working' notice.