I was also dismayed by the removal of luxuries but after reading this thread can understand why those didn't make it into Civ BE (not same game, exploitative, etc.).
But I think one of the posters hit the nail on the head when they said that luxuries, at least for some, created a fun element that added to the flavor of the game --- so competing for happiness was fun. There was a vying for territory element. But vying for health is not as fun.
I agree with another poster who suggested making the existing resources in Civ BE more interesting, like fruit, silicite, etc., as well as more varied terrain effects. They don't have to be health-related. It would also be nice if the existing resources had an impact that was more intuitive, and didn't require mousing over just to figure out what the hell fruit does.
The way that Endless Legend did luxuries I thought was a brilliant idea --- stockpiling them each turn and then using them for a short-time boost. Maybe they could do something similar for the non-strategic resources.