Alright, now that I think about it more there are some more, but most of them are not worth building in higher difficulties.
Somebody here on the forum wrote about the simplicity of buildings more eloquently, but I can't find it right now, sorry.
Technically you still have several categories, but several of the categories have become so easy to attain you don't have to specialise them.
First off most buildings only have one benefit and the only penalty is maintenance, so once you decide what the specialisation of the city is, it's easy. No more Civ 4 choices due to buildings with multiple benefits, like "Do I build the temple first or the library? I need the culture real quick, but that extra science boost might get me a tech 1 turn quicker" or "Do I build the bank first or the grocer? I need cash fast, but my city's also about to get unhealthy"
More importantly, you don't need to specialise your tile improvements. Three hex radius means you have way more tiles than you'll need, so pick a good spot with hills, put mines on hills and spam TPs. Build farms in your science specialist cities. When you need to build something, set citizen priority to Production, otherwise Gold. You have plenty available to maximise both. In the beginning, buying tiles is more cost effective than building too many culture buildings in non-culture specialised cities, because the near radius, plain tiles are cheaper to buy. Money is plentiful, so you can save up from the maintenance cost of too many culture buildings to buy tiles instead.
Your building choice is dead simple... you have 4 or 5 main "specialist" cities: Culture, Science, Money and Military and maybe Wonder. The last three are really only partial specialists, because they won't be doing much "specialist work" most of the time. For the first two, you build the science or culture buildings when available. With military, you build units when required, but you loose so few in this game and upgrade everything, this won't be needed much. You should build a forge, XP buildings if you like, but I find just letting the units fight is good enough. So these cities should have a secondary specialisation. All cities, with nothing special to build at the moment, should build economic or happiness buildings if available. If not, any city without enough hills around should build production bonus buildings. You get the idea. You only need 6-12 well built cities to win even on a Huge map and all you got to do is keep following this set build order. Not many buildings available from the industrial era on, so it becomes even simpler as you go... don't worry about city building, just go eXterminate everyone.
Really, the game just holds your hand when it comes to city specialisation.