I think I'll continue this (the Comet althist). Its still interesting to me.
1500-1540.
UK and Spain had quite good relations. But little did they know back then that the 1538 discovery of "Cathay" by Ambrosio Sforza, an exilled Tuscanian nobleman (he fled from the Milanese armies for England) would lead the two into bitter rivalry over control of the new lands... But more on all that later. Oh, and "Cathay" was, for the record, often later called Ambrosia (that's North America; South America was known as Terra Henrialis (or just Henrialia), for yet another Spanish king called Henri). A major impetus for westward expansion for Spain was a devastating defeta in a major war with Aragon in 1531-1536, resulting in Aragonese conquest of Navarra, Algeria and much of Morocco.
A serious bit of warfare between the UK and Burgundy took place in 1505-1512, and again in 1521-1527, over the control of Flanders (these were the Flemish Wars). The first war saw the Burgundian borders, after four major battles with mixed outcomes (two UK victories; two Burgundian victories) culminated in one decisive UK victory - at Saint-Quentin, move somewhat east, notably out of much of Picardy; the UK wasn't in the position to demand more. But the 1521 war saw the Burgundians organize a huge army led by the masterful general Wilhelm Oranje (no, not the OTL one) and routed the United Royal forces at Tourcoing and at Calais, which ALMOST detiriorated into a long siege that would have given UK much time. Result: 1504 Burgundian borders restored, Calais - an UK enclave, surrounded as it was by the Burgundian territory and the sea - went to Burgundy.
In the Baltic Sea, there is much trade; albeit Hansa is weakening, the Kalmar Union is rejunivating, and Burgundian merchants too begin entering the local markets (and many others, too); Poland and Lithuania are also growing in importance trade-wise.
Holy Roman Empire, or rather, the Hohenzollerns, are still trying, trying to centralize their realm, but it seems that its to not much avail. Slowly, especially as Hussite Church grows in importance, the Holy Roman Empire is collapsing; Hapsburgs are growing in strenght, as are the resurgent Welfs. Burgundy and Milan have sensed this well and the latter is only ceremonially a part of HRE now (oh, and it votes, just to mess things up ofcourse); the former is, as said before perhaps, an independant kingdom with no reasons to think itself a part of HRE; not anymore, anyway. And Hohenzollerns can't do anything about that, really, being embroiled in petty warfare with other rivals.
The early 16th century saw the Hussite reformation finally spread... that is, spread officially - as was mentioned before, the undefeated Czechia was rapidly exporting the Reformation to the masses in northern and central Europe. By 1540, Kalmar Union, Poland and Hungary all adopted the Hussite Church as a state religion; the latter because of querrels with the Pope, who really didn't like the fact that Hungarian kings customarily called themselves "Roman Emperors" (due to controlling Constantinople; something the Pope could hardly do anything about). Well, Hungary didn't adopt the Hussite Church per se, albeit adopting most of its features; rather, they declared it the "Reformed Roman Church" and also declared the Roman Emperor Head-of-Religion; that is, albeit they DID have their own Pope in Constantinople (by then - the de facto capital of Hungary, albeit de jure "merely" the capital of the Roman Empire, with which Hungary was in personal union), and even their own Cardinals, these Cardinals - what a surprise! - were appointed by the Roman Emperor. It also went well weth the less zealous of the Orthodox clergy, whose general stance at the time was that "anyone is better then the Catholics". An attempt to organize a crusade against Hungary soon collapsed; the Hohenzollerns were too busy, the Burgundians were really uninterested, and only Milan and United Kingdom ultimately agreed; but without Venice's consent, what little crusaders were gathered had to move through the Holy Roman Empire, with grudging agreement of Friedrich VI. While they did, the Hungarians organized their troops and thus successfully crushed the crusaders soon after they entered Hungarian territory at Maribor. No further crusades took place, and Hungary after that left its brief diplomatici solation in the Catholic world.
Czechia itself is enjoying all this "crisis of the Catholic church" thing, and indeed has allied with Hungary (there are reasons to believe that the Hungarian conversion to the RRC was partially caused by this as well).
The standoff in Italy goes on. Milan; Venice; Papal States; the Two Sicilies... well, the Two Sicilies have been conquered by the Aragonese, who were wielding dynastic claims against them; that and the fact that there was an unpopular king who was quite repressive. For some odd reason the people loved him, but nobles definitely didn't. And the nobles were more then capable of unseating that king. Little did they knew that Peter VI of Aragon was even more interested in destroying the power of the nobility, and that he was much more skilled, too; succesfully allying with the clergy and the burghers against the nobles and then with the burghers and the crippled nobles against the overconfident clergy using the fact that the Pope was facing a peasant rebellion.
Lithuania-Russia slowly, steadily marched on eastwards, reaching this time the Sant-Ioann River (OTL Enisey river). Cossack settlements and some small cities were rising in the eastern lands. Some important mines - and cities around them - rose in the mineral-rich Ural Mountains, including the city of St. Catherine (OTL Ekaterinburg/Sverdlovsk). Back at home, Lithuanians were increasingly russified, Russians were increasingly catholicized (the Hussites gained an alarming following in the Baltic States, though). And generally, a strong state they were.
In the Middle East, inconclusive fighting went on. The cycle of attacks and counterattacks between Turkey-Georgia-Baburids-Mamlukes was nearly-uninterrupted, but in 1529, the Baburids succesfully annexed Georgia and grabbed the remnants of Syria from Mamlukes.
In India, the Baburid conquerors did grab the northwestern parts of the sub-continent during the reign of Ahmed II, but the Vijayanagaran Empire remained unconquered, expanding to the north. Vijayanagara at the time was ruled by the Saluva Dynasty, represented by king Narasimha III in that moment. Narasimha III used wise diplomacy to unite much of Hindu India behind himself, and this coalition was further fortified by the Baburid defeat at Chitor in 1529, which signified the halt of Baburid expansion in that direction. The Vijayanagarans had another important enemy - the kingdom of the Bundelas, a strong Rajput kingdom which defied the Vijayanagarans succesfully throughout the early 16th century.
Meanwhile, in China, the shaky reign of the new Ling dynasty started.