The Yellow Brows were identified by a short ‘‘cockscomb’’ hair style that
contained a square bang plastered with yellow clay. Members cut off all their
hair except that on the ‘‘tip of the head,’’ painting the rest of their heads
yellow as well. The Yellow Brows consisted of one hundred to one hundred
and fifty men (twenty to thirty according to Lowie 1915a:813), with the
bravest serving as officers. The Yellow Brows maintained several‘‘contrary’’
warrior characteristics in their induction, battle behavior, and daily speech
patterns. Membership seems to have been voluntary: when members asked
a man to join, an affirmative answer meant he did not wish to join, while a
negative reply indicated his desire to join, whereupon the members sat him
down and cut and painted his hair to the society specifications. One of
Shimkin’s consultants indicated that ‘‘the club was made up from all the
bands,’’ and membership was for life. Elder members could remain as less
active members but had to find replacements. A fixed number of member-
ship positions existed.
The Yellow Brows were composed of men generally considered braver
than those in the Logs. When an enemy was seen, the members stopped,
gathered together, and began to sing and dance before fighting. Yellow Brow
chiefs were distinguished by fringes on their shirtsleeves and leggings. In
battle, officers carried seven-foot-long curved staffs that were painted,
wrapped with strips of otter fur, and adorned with eagle feather pendants.
Some of these staffs had an attached knife blade tip. These staffs were used
to pull fleeing enemies from their horses and as nonretreat staffs to stake
oneself down in battle. As one of Shimkin’s consultants described, ‘‘When-
ever an enemy is getting the best of the people, the chief will stick this into
the ground and stay there. The Ohamupe will see him, come back and save
him. Just the chiefs and sub-chiefs did this. These lances may be painted
blue or red.’’ Whenever a society chief died, the people prepared the body
and interred it in the cliffs. He was succeeded by a subchief. In addition to
serving as a vanguard for tribal movements, they also served as scouts.