1st July 1936 to 1st January 1937
Trouble is stirring...
The end of the Spanish Civil War
Stalin sent only a token amount of aid for the Republicans - a drop in the ocean compared to the Fascist involvement. The Nationalists kept control of the navy and the offshore territories. A steady stream of equipment, supplies and volunteers arrived from Germany and Italy.
The Nationalists wasted no time in attacking before the Republican forces were able to organise themselves. A Nationalist troop landing in Catalonia coincided with an assault on the Republican pocket in the northern Cantabria region.
Many anti-fascist volunteers from western democracies - especially the US, France and UK - tried to reach the fighting. Some were captured en route. Many others arrived too late to make a difference.
The Nationalists had an assortment of light tanks including German Panzer I's and II's. Aggressive use was made of them whenever possible. They also had modern German artillery. Opposing them, the Republicans had mainly obsolete armaments from the post-1918 period.
Germany's 'Condor Legion' quickly gained air superiority. Towards the end of the conflict, they were challenged by the 'Flying Tigers', a volunteer fighter group from the USA. But the Tigers lacked suitable modern aircraft - The USAF was experimenting with some very promising fighter designs, but none were ready at the time. Germany's early-model BF109 fighters proved superior to anything they faced.
The Nationalists had a tough fight in Cantabria and Catalonia. Both sides were inexperienced and made many mistakes. The Republican militias fought bravely and made full use of the hilly terrain. But by the middle of November, Nationalist breakthroughs had been made in both fronts. The superior tactics, weaponry and air power of the Nationalists were just too great an advantage.
During December, the Nationalists were on a drive to Madrid from various directions. Republican morale was in decline, not least because of the Nationalist terror-bombing of any towns which resisted. Nationalist forces entered the capitol on the 20th December. A bloodbath followed as battles raged from street to street. The Republican garrison finally surrendered on Christmas Day. By that time, most of the rest of Republican territory had fallen, and most of the former government leaders had been captured.
(Nationalist Spain = Spain, +$1/turn, Republican Spain = Dead, -2 land)
Franco has proclaimed victory, but Republican militias are continuing to fight a guerrilla war in the countryside. The fighting ended too quickly for the Republican ideals to be completely crushed. Many were expecting a prolonged fight and are still not ready to give up. Much damage has also been done to the country and it will take some time to rebuild.
Germany and Italy have both learnt important military lessons from the war.
Meanwhile there is the question of the thousands - some say hundreds of thousands - of captured Republican supporters and fighters that are in captivity, awaiting their fate, at Franco's mercy...
Italy: Ethiopia defeated...
Almost a year after the invasion began, the last Abyssinian resistance has finally been crushed. It has been a long and bitter war which has thoroughly humiliated the Italians. They are fortunate that the eyes of the world have moved elsewhere.
There is little foreign reaction as the Italians consolidate their holdings into Italian East Africa, consisting of former Ethiopia, Eritrea and Italian Somaliland.
(Italy: +$1/turn, -1 land)
Olympic Games held in Germany
A spectacular opening ceremony was held in Berlin on the 1st of August. The Nazis have mastered the art of staging great public spectacles and this was no exception. The two great airships, Hindenburg and Graf Zepplin, were also in attendance in the skies above the stadium.
Germany's prestige is growing, especially with the triumph of fascist forces in Spain. Concerns over the Nazi's rascist ideology have also lessened somewhat. The Nazis have been on their best behaviour for the Olympics, and even Hitler himself showed no hesitation in presenting medals to people of non-white races. It has been a success for Germany's image abroad. People are looking forward to the next Olympics, due to be held in 1940.
Meanwhile, the German army is quietly being expanded and is now the largest in europe according to some estimates, with several million troops in arms.
Anglo-German Naval Treaty signed
Quoted from the German ambassador in London:
The Anglo-German Naval Treaty, ostensibly limiting Germany's navy and ceasing British operations in the Baltic Sea, has been signed.
The Treaty recognizes that many terms of the Treaty of Versailles were harsh and repressive, and grants Germany full blessing to break those that infringe on the rights of a sovereign state. Germany, in return, agrees to maintain its navy under 1/3 of the British, thus preventing the dangerous arms race that exacerbated Anglo-German tensions at the start of the century. Britain, meanwhile, recognizes the rights of ethnic Germans to self-determination, irrespective of national borders.
The treaty has been criticised in both the UK and France. British PM Neville Chamberlain already been labelled a 'weak appeaser of German tyrants' by one leading newspaper. The treaty also provoked a surprisingly strong backlash in the house of commons, where many MP's publicly attacked the Prime Minister, most fierce of whom was Churchill. However, it seems that most Brits still support a moderate, pragmatic attitude towards Germany as the best way to keep the peace in europe.
France to extend Maginot Line
The French defence minister has announced plans to extend fortifications to the channel coast. Work is already well underway. The controversial project is set to divert large sums from the French treasury over the next few years. It is unclear if the new fortifications will be as strong as the existing Maginot line.
French political instability
With the conclusion of the Spanish Civil War, France is now surrounded by Fascist states. Tensions are growing within the country's borders.
Though nobody is expecting a French Civil War in the immediate future, French politics remain deeply divided. Communist, democratic and nationalist parties are often unable to present a united front. The French people seem undecided about which direction to take, and split their support among all three. The situation is weakening the position of the government and preventing it from wielding France's full economic / industrial potential.
USSR: The Moscow Trials begin
It is rumoured that dozens of soviet officials and army officers are facing execution for exaggerated or non-existent crimes. Several high-ranking party members are also in danger. It seems Stalin's paranoia is getting out of control, or perhaps it is a calculated move to remove all potential rivals and threats to his own power. Either way, some of the USSR's best talents and abilities are being sacrificed.
(USSR: -$1/turn)
USSR and Japan: border conflict escalates
Ignoring the situation in Spain, Stalin focused his gaze on the east. Mass formations of Red Army troops under the command of General Zhukov manoeuvred along the border with Japan and Manchuko. There they found over-zealous Japanese commanders were spoiling for a fight. Serious battles were fought with Japanese army units. Thousands of casualties were incurred on both sides. Manchurian guerrilla attacks hampered the Japanese from the rear.
(USSR: -2 land. Japan: -2 land)
Zhukov emerged triumphant and the disputed borders were redefined in favour of the USSR.
The soviets have begun mass conscription to bolster the ranks of the Red Army, which is now the biggest in the world by far. But it is unclear if Stalin is prepared to risk a war against the resolute Japanese in the far east while tensions are still growing in Europe.
Nationalist China launches offensive against Chinese Communists
After defeating several of the southern warlords during the spring and early summer, Chiang Kai-shek gathered his army for a surprise winter offensive against the communist forces in the northern interior. This was a big change in policy. Up to this point, Chiang had been glad to use the Communists as a counter to the influence of the warlords, and more recently as a buffer against the encroaching Japanese presence. But it seems that Mao Zedong and other Communist leaders were now judged to be too much of a threat to his own power.
Chiang was perhaps too bold. Cold weather, mountainous terrain, and fierce resistance meant the offensive soon ground to a halt. The Nationalists controlled the skies with an increasing number aircraft, some of which were imports of fairly modern design, but this was not quite enough to swing the balance. The Communists were not about to give up now after enduring years of persecution and betrayals.
(China: -3 land)
Though many applaud the efforts against the Communists, Chiang's overall position seems weakened. The situation in China is just as fragmented and complex as ever.
USA: 1936 Presidential Election results
Franklin D. Roosevelt has won another term in office, beating Alf M. Landon by a comfortable margin, though it was not quite the landslide many Democrats had hoped for. The November 3rd results gave Roosevelt around one and a half times more votes than Landon.
The Roosevelt administration's management of the economy is continuing to produce good results. The Government has placed huge investments in key industries. Jobs are available and the dark days of the depression seem truly over.
Landon's campaign on economic issues was getting nowhere. However, the recent sharp increase in the size of the US military allowed Landon to attack Roosevelt's commitment to peace and isolationism. This issue seems to have unnerved many voters. Roosevelt calmed things down by talking of a strong America as a necessary deterrent and counter against the influence of anti-democratic forces in the modern world.
Argentina invades Uruguay!
The surprise invasion was supported by aircraft and a naval blockade by the newly-expanded Argentine navy. The Uruguayans were caught by surprise and their army was scattered before it had a real chance to engage.
As expected, Argentina's superior numbers and equipment brought victory, but it was not as swift or as one-sided as hoped. Local militias and the remnants of the Uruguayan army made a stand at the capitol, Montevideo, on the South Atlantic coast. The battle took a heavy toll of both Argentine and Uruguayan lives. In the end, aircraft and ships were used to bomb and strafe the defenders into submission, causing hundreds and perhaps thousands of civilian deaths.
The occupation has been condemned by the League of Nations. The US senate has voted for tough economic sanctions, with France and the UK expected to follow. Meanwhile Brazil has already declared an embargo on Argentine trade, and has also announced a pact with neighbouring Paraguay to contain Argentine aggression.
Uruguay Militias continue to fight a guerilla war in the interior. Combined with the loss of trade, Argentina has so far gained nothing from this invasion, except growing power and prestige of military dictator Agustín P. Justo within his own borders.
(Argentina: -1$/turn, -1 land power)
South America is famous for its territorial disputes. Now there are fears that a wider Platinean conflict could erupt.
Bolivia is still reeling from the loss of territory to Paraguay in the Chaco war of 1932-35, and could be a potential ally of Argentina. Peru may also have something to gain from aligning against Brazil. This in turn could see Ecuador and Chile aligning with Brazil for mutual defence.
Notes:
September 6th - The last surviving Tasmanian Tiger dies in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
With no orders for Canada (germanicus) or Italy (KrimzonStriker) since the start, those two nations are now open for new players.