drjest2000
Prince
I have been trying to make ColGold as complete as humanly possible and I am getting to that inevitable point where I had to make notes for myself so I wouldn't duplicate my work. So, I started a list of colonization efforts and it soon became something else. I'm not sure what it is, but it is no longer a list of what I will be adding to ColGold.
Obviously, since I will not be adding all of the things listed, I figured that it might be useful to post here for the benefit of other modders. I know that this has been done before, but not necessarily in the same context or covering the same span of time or regions that I decided to allow for possible inclusion.
Please keep in mind that the list is far from complete. There were hundreds (if not thousands) of poorly documented legitimate and rogue colonization efforts, and many of the rogue colonization efforts may not have been documented at all.
===================================
LATE MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE
===================================
NORWAY:
------
- Iceland (ca. 874-present, not counted as part of Europe until the modern era; Norwegian rule 1261-1814 de jure, 1261-ca. 1430 de facto; 1814-1918 Danish rule dejure, 1721-1918 de facto, full independence achieved in 1944)
- Greenland (settled ca. 980, abandoned ca. 1430; Norwegian rule 1261-1814 de jure, 1261-ca. 1430 de facto; 1814-1918 Danish rule dejure, 1721-1918 de facto)
-------Norse Greenland had a bishopric (at Garðar) and exported walrus ivory,
-------furs, rope, sheep, whale or seal blubber, live animals such as polar
-------bears, and cattle hides.
--- Eystribyggð (Eastern Settlement, ca. 985 - ca. 1430)
--- Vestribyggð (Western Settlement, ca. 985 - ca. 1430)
- Vinland (ca. 985 - ca. 1012)
--- Leif's camp (1001-1002)
--- Thorvald's camp (1004)
--- Thorstein's camp (1005)
--- Straumfjord Settlement (1009, relocated to Straumsöy)
--- Straumsöy (1009 - ca. 1012)
- Markland (ca. 1000 - ca. 1430, known only from archaeologial evidence)
- Helluland (ca. 1000 - ca. 1430, known only from archaeologial evidence)
--- Tanfield Valley
--- Nunguvik
--- Willows Island
--- Avayalik Islands
- Lac Saint-Jean/Saguenay River (attested by Iroquois legend, Beluga whale breeding ground so highly probable, unknown dates)
VIKING RUS':
-----------
Prince Rurik settles in Holmgård (Novgorod, 862)
***Varangian/Varyag/Væringjar/Viking Rus' era begins***
Kievan Rus' (882-1283)
Kipchak-Cuman Confederation (900-1220)
Principality of Pereyaslavl (988-1302)
Principality/Grand Duchy/Kingdon of Polotsk (987-1397)
***Culturally assimilated by East Slavs about this time***
Principality of Turov-Pinsk (10th-14th c.)
Principality of Chernigov (10th-14th c.)
Principality of Tmutorakan (10th c. - 1378, afterwards part of Genovese Gazaria)
Principality of Peremyshl (1031–1124)
Principality of Smolensk (1054-1387)
Muromo-Ryazan Principality (until 1166)/Principality of Ryazan (after 1166) (1097-1521)
Principality of Halych (1124–1199)
Principality of Kiev (1132-1471)
Novgorod Republic (1136-1478)
Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1168-1389)
Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia (1199-1349)
Principality of Yaroslavl (1218-1463)
***Mongol Invasion Begins (1223)***
***French attempt to form a Franco-Mongol Alliance (1240-1304)***
Grand Duchy of Tver (1247-1485)
***Franco-Mongol Invasion of Syria & Palestine(1280-1304)***
Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283-1547)
Principality of Rostov (13th c.-1474)
***Death of Ghazan, End of Franco-Mongol Cooperation (1304)***
Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721)
***Effective End of Mongol Sphere of Influence in Europe (1600)***
NATIVES IN RUS' TERRITORIES
---------------------------
Beormas
Cheremis
Chuds
Galindai (Galindians)
Khazars (618-1048)
Krivichi
Kurs (Curonians, culture became extinct by the 16th century)
Leti (Latgalians)
Livs (Livonians)
Sami
Seli (Selonians)
Skalviai (Skalvians)
Slovenes
Veps
Ves (possibly the same people as the Veps)
Volga Bulgarians (7th c.-1240, over-run by the Mongols)
Votyaks
Yotvingians (Sudovians)
Zemaiciai (Samogitians)
Zemigali (Semigallians)
REPUBLIC OF GENOA (1005 - 1797):
-------------------------------
Trading posts and colonies from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the shores of the Black Sea, frequent wars with Venice for control of Mediterranean trade
- Azores (1300s)
- Canary Islands (1300s)
- Madeira (1300s)
- Amastra/Amasra (1261-1460)
- Gazaria (Crimea, 1266–1475)
- Vicina (Danube, 13th-14th c.)
- Lordship of Chios (1346-1566)
- Corsica (1347-1768)
- Tabarka (Tunisia, 1540-1742)
REPUBLIC OF VENICE (697-1797):
-----------------------------
Trading posts and colonies from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the shores of the Black Sea, frequent wars with Genoa for control of Mediterranean trade
- Dalmazia (900s-1797)
- Negroponte (1204-1470)
- Candia (Crete, 1204-1669)
- Arcipelago (1204-1714)
- Isole Ione (Ionian Islands, 1363-1797)
- Corfu (1386, added to Isole Ione)
- Cipro (Cyprus, 1489-1571)
- Morea (1685-1715)
REPUBLIC OF RAGUSA (1358-1807):
------------------------------
Rival/Break-way state of Venice under the protection of the Ottomans
REPUBLIC OF SIENA (late 11th c. - 1555):
---------------------------------------
Republic of Florence (1115-1531):
--------------------------------
NORMANDY/BRITTANY:
-----------------
Fishermen from Normandy and Brittany began fishing off the coast of Newfoundland and making seasonal camps there as early as the late 1200s. They are known to have taken slaves from among the Native Americans, which were sold in France and other markets. By the late 1400s, the number of individuals involved in these fishing expeditions may have exceeded 300 men. By the 1480s, there were Norman-French slavers actively at work in the New England region.
===================================
AGE OF DISCOVERY
===================================
KINGDOM OF CASTILLE:
-------------------
New Andalusia and Coquivacoa (Nueva Andalucía y Coquivacoa, 1501-1513)
New Spain (Nueva España, 1519-1821)
New Castile (Nueva Castilla, 1528-1542)
New Toledo (Nueva Toledo, 1529-1542)
New Andalusia (Nueva Andalucía, 1534-1617)
Peru (1542-1824)
Yucatán (1617-?, 1786-1819)
New Granada (Nueva Granada, 1717-1819)
Rio de la Plata (Río de la Plata, 1776–1814)
Spanish West Florida:
--------------------
- Panton, Leslie & Company
Spanish Africa:
--------------
Canary Islands (1402 - present)
Ifni (1476-present)
Melilla (1497-present)
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1508-1522, 1564-present)
Peñón of Algiers (1510-1529)
Isla de Alborán & Isla de las Nubes (1540-present)
Peñón de Alhucemas (1559-present)
Ceuta (1668-present de jure, 1640-present de facto)
Río Muni (1778-1968)
Annobón (1778-1968)
Fernando Póo (1778-1968)
Spanish East Indies (1565-1898):
-------------------------------
- Philippines (1565-1898)
-- Kingdom of Tondo (? - 1589)
-- Kingdom of Butuan (ca. 1000 - 1521)
-- Visayan Calipates (ca. 1000 - 1571)
-- Kingdom of Namayan (1200s - 1571)
-- Sultanate of Maguindanao (ca. 1300 - 1800)
-- Sultanate of Sulu (ca. 1451 - 1917)
-- Kingdom of Maynila (ca. 1500 - 1571)
-- Sultanates of Lanao (ca. 1520 - present)
ENGLAND:
-------
Virginia Company of London (1606-1624)
Virginia Company of Plymouth (1606-1607)
London and Bristol Company (AKA Newfoundland Company, 1610-?)
Somers Isles Company (1615-1684)
Society of Merchant Venturers (in America from 1616)
Province of Avalon (Newfoundland, 1620-?)
Plymouth Council for New England (1620-1635)
Plymouth Bay Colony (Massachusetts, 1620-1691)
Province of New Hampshire (1622-?, 1680-1686, 1692-1783)
Wessagusset Colony (Massachusetts, 1623)
Dorchester Company (Massachusetts, 1624)
Massachusetts Bay Company (Massachusetts, 1628-1692)
Province of Carolina (1629-1712)
Colony of New Somersetshire (Maine, 1629-1639, 1639-1658)
Waldo Patent (Maine, 1630-1820)
Province of Maryland (1632-1776)
Saybrook Colony (1635-1644, merged with River Colony 1644)
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (1636-1776)
River Colony (Connecticut, 1636-1686, renamed Colony of Connecticut)
New Haven Colony (1638-1665, merged with River Colony 1665)
Province of Maine (1658-1820)
Province of New York (1664-1783)
Province of East Jersey (1674-1702)
Province of West Jersey (1674-1702)
Province of Pennsylvania (1681-1783)
Dominion of New England (Massachesetts, Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, East Jersey, West Jersey, 1686-1689)
Colony of Connecticut (1686-1789, until 1800 included the Western Reserve, now part of the State of Ohio)
Welsh Tract (Delaware, 1701-1776)
Province of North Carolina (1712-1776)
Province of South Carolina (1712-1776)
Province of Georgia (1732-1777)
Charlotina, Vandalia, West Sylvania (1748-1783, admission as a state opposed by Virginia and Pennsylvania)
Transylvania (1775-1776, admission as a state opposed by Virginia, later admitted as Kentucky)
Vermont Republic (1777-1791, admission as a state opposed by New Hampshire and New York)
Maine (1778-1820, admission as a state opposed by New Hampshire and Massachusetts)
NOTE: I had considered making the various companies as separate playable civs, but the number soon grew beyond anything reasonable, so this idea has been discarded.
Trading companies that may or may not have had colonies associated with them:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merchant Adventurers of London (1407-?, still extant as of 1800)
Merchant Adventurers to New Lands (1551-?, still extant as of 1566)
Muscovy Company (1555-present)
Eastland Company (1579-?, still extant as of 1661)
Levant Company (1581-1825)
Venice Comapny (1583-?)
Barbary Company (1585-?, still extant as of 1728)
East India Company (1600-1874)
Guinea Company (1618-1631)
Providence Island Company (1629-?, still extant as of 1648)
Courteen Association/Assada Company (1635-1646, 1649-1657)
Royal African Company (1660-1752)
Hudson's Bay Company (1670-present)
Greenland Company (fl. 17th cent.)
South Sea Company (1711-1850s)
St. George's Bay Company (1790-?)
Sierra Leone Company (1792-1807)
SCOTLAND:
--------
- Alba Nuadh (Nova Scotia, 1622–1632, lost to French)
- Darien Scheme on the Isthmus of Panama (1698–1700, abandoned)
- Stuarts Town, Province of Carolina (1684–1686, destroyed by the Spanish)
- New Inverness (later Darien), Province of Georgia (from 1735)
- Falkland Islands (1850-present)
WALES:
-----
- Welsh Tract (Pennsylvania, 1684-1690s)
KINGDOM OF FRANCE:
-----------------
- Vice-royauté de Nouvelle-France (1534-1760)
-- Canada (1534-1763)
-- Acadia (1604-1713)
-- La Louisiane (1682-1762, 1802-1804)
-- Terre-Neuve (Newfoundland, 1502-1760)
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti, 1625-1809)
- France Antarctique (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1555-1567)
- France Floridienne (French Florida, 1562-1565)
- France Équinoxiale (French Guyana, 1612-1615, 1626, 1635, 1643, 1674-present)
Compagnie de Rouen (Rouen Company of New France, 1612-1620)
Compagnie de Madagascar (numerous companies, 1620-1900s)
Compagnie de Rouen (Rouen Company of Guyana, 1633-1645, taken over by Compagnie de la France Équinoxiale)
Compagnie de Saint-Christophe (1625-1635)
Compagnie normande (Normandy Company, 1626-1658)
- Senegal
- Gambia
Compagnie de la Nouvelle France (1627-1667, formed in opposition to the Hudson's Bay Co)
-
Compagnie des îles d'Amérique (Company of the American Islands, 1635-1651)
Compagnie du Cap-Vert et du Sénégal (1658-1664, merged into French East India Company)
- Senegal
- Gambia
- Cape Verde
Compagnie de Chine (1660-1719, taken over by 2nd Compagnie de l'Occident)
Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company, 1664-1719, taken over by 2nd Compagnie de l'Occident)
-French India
Compagnie de l'Occident (French West India Company, 1664-1674)
-
Compagnie du Mississippi (1684-1717, renamed Compagnie de l'Occident)
(2nd) Compagnie de l'Occident (1717-1719, renamed Compagnie des Indes Perpétuelle)
Compagnie des Indes Perpétuelle (1719-1769)
(2nd) Compagnie des Indes Orientales (1785-1794)
French Africa:
-------------
KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL:
-------------------
- Brazil (1500-1621)
-- Brazil Colonial (cap: Porto Seguro, 1500-1549)
-- Brazil (cap: São Salvador, 1549-1621)
---- Brazil (cap: São Salvador, Northern Brazil, 1621-1775)
---- Maranhão (cap: São Luís, Southern Brazil, 1621-1751)
------ Grão-Pará and Maranhão (1751-1772)
-------- Grão-Pará and Rio Negro (1772-1775)
-------- Maranhão and Piauí (1772-1775)
- Brazil (1775-1815)
- United Kingdom of Brazil (1815-1825)
- Empire of Brazil (1825-1889)
Companhia General do Grão Pará e Maranhão
Companhia General do Pernambuco e Paraíba
Portuguese India:
----------------
- Cannanore (1501-1663)
- Coulão (1502-)
- Fort Emmanuel (1503-1663)
- Ilha de Angediva (Anjadip Island)
Portuguese East India Company (1628-1633)
Portuguese East Indies:
----------------------
Casa de Ceuta (1434- )
Casa de Arguim (ca. 1443-1482)
Casa da Guiné (ca. 1443-1482)
Casa da Mina e Tratos de Guiné (1482-1501)
Armazém da Guiné (1482-1501)
Casa de Escravos (1486- )
Casa da Índia e da Guiné (1501-1503)
Casa da Índia (1503-1883)
Casa da Mina e da Guiné (1506-1883)
Armazém da Guiné e Indias (1501- )
Companhia do Niassa (1890-1921)
Companhia de Moçambique (1891-1972)
Portuguese Africa:
-----------------
- Ceuta (1415-1660 de jure, 1415-1640 de facto)
- Madeira (1420-present)
- Azores (1427-present)
- Savage Islands (1438-present)
DENMARK:
-------
- Greenland (1814-present de jure, 1721-present de facto)
- Danish West Indies (1754-1917)
- Danish Gold Coast (1750-1782, 1785-1850)
Danish East India Company (1616-1846):
-------------------------
- Danish India
Danish Africa Company/Danish West India Company/Danish West India-Guinea Company (1659-1776)
-------------------------
- Danish Gold Coast (1663-1750)
NETHERLANDS:
-----------
- Nieuw-Nederlandt (1614-1667, 1673-1674)
- Dutch East Indies (1800-1942, 1945-1949)
-- Netherlands New Guinea (1949-1962)
Dutch West India Company (1621-):
------------------------
- Netherlands Antilles (formally dissolved 2010)
- Pomeroon (1581-1596, 1650-1689)
- Guyana (1616-1814)
- Senegambia (1617-1678)
- Sint Maarten (1618-present)
- Jost van Dyke Island (1623-1672)
- Maagdeneilanden (Virgin Islands, 1625-1680)
- Sint-Kruis (Saint-Croix, 1625-1650)
- Nieuw-Walcheren (Tobago, 1628-1677)
- Nederlands-Brazilië/Nieuw-Holland (1630-1654)
- Virgin Gorda (1631-1680)
- Anegada (1632-1680)
- Bonaire (1634-present)
- Curaçao (1634-1954)
- Sint Eustatius (1636-1954)
- Ilsa de Aves (1636-1954)
- Las Aves Archipelago (1636-1954)
- Los Roques Archipelago (1636-1954)
- La Orchila (1636-1954)
- Aruba (1637-present)
- Ter Tholen (Tortola, 1638-1672)
- Saba (1640-present)
- Sint-Thomas (Saint Thomas, 1657-1666)
- Cayenne (1658-1664, 1676-1677)
- Nieuw-Holland (French Acadia, 1674-1679)
- Suriname (1667-1799, 1816-1954)
Dutch Africa:
------------
- Dutch Guinea (1598-1872)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (1641-1648)
- Dutch Slave Coast (1660-1760)
De Moucheron Company (1597-?)
-----------------------------
Venezuela
South China Sea
Dutch East India Company (1602-1792):
------------------------
- Dutch India (1605-1825)
-- Zeylan (1656-1796)
-- Dutch Coromandel (1608–1825)
-- Dutch Suratte (1616-1795)
-- Dutch Bengal (1627-1825)
-- Dutch Malabar (1661-1795)
-- Burma (1634-1680)
- Dutch East Indies (1602-1800, after 1800 a crown colony)
-- Jayakarta/Batavia/Jakarta (1596-1800, after 1800 a crown colony)
-- Banda Islands (1609-1798, after 1798 a crown colony)
- Dutch Formosa (1624-1662)
- Dutch Cape Colony (1652-1806)
- Dutch Mauritius (1638-1710)
Dutch Australia Company (1614-1644):
-----------------------
Dutch Africa:
------------
SWEDEN:
------
- New Sweden (1638-1655)
- Sankt Barthélemy (1784-1878)
- Guadeloupe (1813-1814)
Swedish Africa Company (1649-1663)
----------------------------------
- Swedish Gold Coast (1650-1658, 1660–1663)
Swedish East India Company (1731-1813):
--------------------------------------
RUSSIA:
------
Russian-America Company:
-----------------------
- Russian-America (Alaska to northern California)
DUCHY OF SAVOY:
--------------
two attepted settlements in Brazil, one in the East Indies, one in Madagascar
- Santa Margherita (Madagascar, 1621-ca.1735, effectively independent from about 1668, mentioned repeatedly in English, Dutch, French, and Portuguese documents relating to Madagascar, razed ca. 1735 by Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, French East India Company)
DUCHY OF COURLAND:
-----------------
- Neu-Kurland (Tobago, 1654-1689)
GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY:
----------------------
- 4 (possibly more) rogue/unofficial Tuscan colonies in the vicinity of Cayenne (various dates 1610-1616) mentioned - without name - in reports and diplomatic documents in the Spanish Royal Archives (occured during the Iberian Union), all colonists murdered by Portuguese soldiers on standing orders from King Felipe IV (then King of both Portugal and Spain) to treat all foreign colonies in Spanish/Portuguese territory as "spys, pirates and heretics."
KINGDOM OF HUNGARY (sort of, kind of):
-------------------------------------
- Kingdom of Antongil (Madagascar, 1779-1786, razed in 1786 by David Charpentier de Cossigny, French East India Company)
AUGSBURG:
--------
- Klein-Venedig (1528-1546)
HANAU:
-----
- Hanauisch-Indien (1669-1672)
BRANDENBURG-PRUSSIA:
-------------------
- Emden Company (1752-1757)
- Brandenburgisch-Africanische Compagnie ()
AUSTRIA/HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE:
--------------------------
- Frankfurter Gesellschaft (1680-?, Mennonite settlement in Pennsylvania)
- Imperial Ostend Company (1722-1731)
- Austrian East India Company (1775-1785)
MUGHAL EMPIRE (1526-1857)
===================================
POST-REVOLUTIONARY
===================================
Dissident States, Native States, Seperatist Movements, Unrecognised States, Counter Revolutionary States, and Secessionists in the United States of America:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apachería (until 1750s - ca. 1880s, largely same territory as later Comanchería)
Comanchería (ca. 1750s - ca. 1850s)
State of Franklin (1784-1788, later admitted as part of Tennessee)
Cherokee Nation (1794-1904)
State of Muskogee (1799-1832)
Republic of Madawaska (1827-1842)
Republic of Indian Stream (1830-1835)
State of Delmarva (1833-1835, 1852, and 1998)
State of Deseret (1849-1872, later admitted as Utah)
State of Shasta (1854-present, a parallel movement for a State of Jefferson in the same territory, 1941-1942)
State of South California (1854-present)
State of Nataqua (1856-1861, later admitted as Nevada)
State of Ontonagon (1858-1970s)
The Confederate States of America (first secession 1860 - last readmission 1870)
-- Alabama (1861-1868)
-- Arkansas (1861-1868)
-- Florida (1861-1868)
-- Georgia (1861-1870)
-- Kentucky (1861-1865)
-- Louisiana (1861-1868)
-- Mississippi (1861-1870)
-- Missouri (1861-1865)
-- North Carolina (1861-1868)
-- South Carolina (1860-1868)
-- Tennessee (1861-1866)
-- Texas (1861-1870)
-- Virginia (1861-1870)
-- Arizona Territory (1861-1865)
Secessionists City-State of Town Line (within NY) (1861-readmitted 1946)
State of Columbia (1864-present)
State of Lincoln (1865, 1901, 1920s, 1996, 1999, and 2005)
State of Sequoyah (1905-1907)
State of Absaroka (1939-present)
State of Jefferson (1941-1942)
Republic of Puerto Rico (1948-present)
Republic of New Afrika (1968-present)
State of Cascadia (2001-present)
Vermont Republic (2003-present)
Republic of Lakotah (2007-present)
Numerous others, too many to name, many of them related to white supremacists and religious extremists groups.
Dissident Territories within the Confederate States of America:
--------------------------------------------------------------
State of Scott (1861-1986)
State of Madison (dates uncertain)
Republic of Winston (1861-1877)
Restored Government of Virginia/Trans-Allegheny Virginia/State of Kanawha/Allegheny/Augusta/Columbia/New Virginia/West Virginia (1863-present)
Attempted Territorial Coups in Mexico:
-------------------------------------
Republic of Baja California (1853-1854)
Republic of Sonora (1854)
WALES:
-----
- Y Wladfa Gymreig (Welsh Argentina, 1865-present)
Dissident Territories within Chile:
----------------------------------
- Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (1860-1862)
============================================
MODERN ERA
============================================
KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1946):
----------------------------
- Eritrea (1890-1936)
- Somoliland (1889-1936)
-- Italian East Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, 1936-1941)
- Italian North Africa (Libya, 1911–1943)
GERMAN EMPIRE (1871-1918):
-------------------------
- Deutsch-Westafrika (1884-1919)
-- Togoland (1884-1914)
-- Kamerun (1884-1919)
-- Deutsch-Kongo (1911-1919)
- Deutsch-Südwestafrika (1884-1915)
- Deutsch-Neuguinea (1884-1919)
- Wituland (1885-1890)
- Deutsch-Ostafrika (1885-1919)
- Kiautschou, China (1898-1919)
- Tientsin, China (1899-1917)
- Deutsch-Samoa (1900-1920)
KINGDOM OF BELGIUM:
------------------
- Congo Free State (1885-1908)
KINGDOM OF SPAIN:
----------------
- Corisco (1843-1968)
- Elobey Islands (1843-1968)
- Chafarinas Islands (1847-present)
- Spanish Sahara (1884-1975)
- Spanish Morocco (1913-1956)
=======================================================================
NEW NATIVES
=======================================================================
Guanches (Canary Islands)
Bisayans (Philippines)
Japanese (Japan)
=======================================================================
LEGENDARY PRECOLUMBIAN COLONIZATION/TRADE IN THE AMERICAS
=======================================================================
IRELAND:
-------
- Bréanainn of Clonfert (semi-legendary, ca. 484 - ca. 577, textual claim)
POLYNESIA:
---------
- Mapuchean region as evidenced by DNA, mitochondrial DNA and the presence of sweet potato, peanut, and other botanicals native to South America in Oceania (ca. 600 - ca. 1200)
AL-ANDALUS:
----------
- Khashkhash Ibn Saeed Ibn Aswad (ca. 889, textual claim)
- Ahmad ibn Umar/Raqsh al-Auzz (fl. 12th century, textual claim)
WALES:
-----
- Madog ab Owain Gwynedd (semi-legendary, ca. 1170, textual claim)
NEW GUINEA:
----------
- (ca. 1200, some scientific confirmed evidence to support this claim)
NORSE-GAELS:
-----------
- Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin (semi-legendary, ca. 1345 - ca. 1400, textual claim)
MALI:
----
Abu Bakr II (fl. 14th century, textual claim)
DUCHY OF SAXE-WITTENBERG:
------------------------
- Didrik Pining (semi-legendary, ca. 1430 - 1491, textual claim)
- Hans Pothorst (semi-legendary, ca. 1440 - 1490, textual claim)
- John Scolvus (semi-legendary, ca. 1440 - ca. 1490, textual claim)
=======================================================================
FICTIONAL/IMPROBABLE PRECOLUMBIAN COLONIZATION OF AMERICAS
=======================================================================
Atlantis (ca 10,000 BCE)
Phonecians/Carthaginians (ca. 4000 BC, first millenium BCE)
Egypt (before 1215 BCE)
Lost Tribes of Israel (after 722 BCE)
Jomon (before 300 BCE)
China (ca. 1421)
- although other attempts of different date may have accually occured
Extra-terrestrials (varying dates)
- need I say more?
I am attaching an image with some of the icon art that I have made so far for the civs I am adding. If you see anything you like, feel free to use it.
Obviously, since I will not be adding all of the things listed, I figured that it might be useful to post here for the benefit of other modders. I know that this has been done before, but not necessarily in the same context or covering the same span of time or regions that I decided to allow for possible inclusion.
Please keep in mind that the list is far from complete. There were hundreds (if not thousands) of poorly documented legitimate and rogue colonization efforts, and many of the rogue colonization efforts may not have been documented at all.
===================================
LATE MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE
===================================
NORWAY:
------
- Iceland (ca. 874-present, not counted as part of Europe until the modern era; Norwegian rule 1261-1814 de jure, 1261-ca. 1430 de facto; 1814-1918 Danish rule dejure, 1721-1918 de facto, full independence achieved in 1944)
- Greenland (settled ca. 980, abandoned ca. 1430; Norwegian rule 1261-1814 de jure, 1261-ca. 1430 de facto; 1814-1918 Danish rule dejure, 1721-1918 de facto)
-------Norse Greenland had a bishopric (at Garðar) and exported walrus ivory,
-------furs, rope, sheep, whale or seal blubber, live animals such as polar
-------bears, and cattle hides.
--- Eystribyggð (Eastern Settlement, ca. 985 - ca. 1430)
--- Vestribyggð (Western Settlement, ca. 985 - ca. 1430)
- Vinland (ca. 985 - ca. 1012)
--- Leif's camp (1001-1002)
--- Thorvald's camp (1004)
--- Thorstein's camp (1005)
--- Straumfjord Settlement (1009, relocated to Straumsöy)
--- Straumsöy (1009 - ca. 1012)
- Markland (ca. 1000 - ca. 1430, known only from archaeologial evidence)
- Helluland (ca. 1000 - ca. 1430, known only from archaeologial evidence)
--- Tanfield Valley
--- Nunguvik
--- Willows Island
--- Avayalik Islands
- Lac Saint-Jean/Saguenay River (attested by Iroquois legend, Beluga whale breeding ground so highly probable, unknown dates)
VIKING RUS':
-----------
Prince Rurik settles in Holmgård (Novgorod, 862)
***Varangian/Varyag/Væringjar/Viking Rus' era begins***
Kievan Rus' (882-1283)
Kipchak-Cuman Confederation (900-1220)
Principality of Pereyaslavl (988-1302)
Principality/Grand Duchy/Kingdon of Polotsk (987-1397)
***Culturally assimilated by East Slavs about this time***
Principality of Turov-Pinsk (10th-14th c.)
Principality of Chernigov (10th-14th c.)
Principality of Tmutorakan (10th c. - 1378, afterwards part of Genovese Gazaria)
Principality of Peremyshl (1031–1124)
Principality of Smolensk (1054-1387)
Muromo-Ryazan Principality (until 1166)/Principality of Ryazan (after 1166) (1097-1521)
Principality of Halych (1124–1199)
Principality of Kiev (1132-1471)
Novgorod Republic (1136-1478)
Grand Duchy of Vladimir (1168-1389)
Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia (1199-1349)
Principality of Yaroslavl (1218-1463)
***Mongol Invasion Begins (1223)***
***French attempt to form a Franco-Mongol Alliance (1240-1304)***
Grand Duchy of Tver (1247-1485)
***Franco-Mongol Invasion of Syria & Palestine(1280-1304)***
Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283-1547)
Principality of Rostov (13th c.-1474)
***Death of Ghazan, End of Franco-Mongol Cooperation (1304)***
Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721)
***Effective End of Mongol Sphere of Influence in Europe (1600)***
NATIVES IN RUS' TERRITORIES
---------------------------
Beormas
Cheremis
Chuds
Galindai (Galindians)
Khazars (618-1048)
Krivichi
Kurs (Curonians, culture became extinct by the 16th century)
Leti (Latgalians)
Livs (Livonians)
Sami
Seli (Selonians)
Skalviai (Skalvians)
Slovenes
Veps
Ves (possibly the same people as the Veps)
Volga Bulgarians (7th c.-1240, over-run by the Mongols)
Votyaks
Yotvingians (Sudovians)
Zemaiciai (Samogitians)
Zemigali (Semigallians)
REPUBLIC OF GENOA (1005 - 1797):
-------------------------------
Trading posts and colonies from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the shores of the Black Sea, frequent wars with Venice for control of Mediterranean trade
- Azores (1300s)
- Canary Islands (1300s)
- Madeira (1300s)
- Amastra/Amasra (1261-1460)
- Gazaria (Crimea, 1266–1475)
- Vicina (Danube, 13th-14th c.)
- Lordship of Chios (1346-1566)
- Corsica (1347-1768)
- Tabarka (Tunisia, 1540-1742)
REPUBLIC OF VENICE (697-1797):
-----------------------------
Trading posts and colonies from the Atlantic coast of Africa to the shores of the Black Sea, frequent wars with Genoa for control of Mediterranean trade
- Dalmazia (900s-1797)
- Negroponte (1204-1470)
- Candia (Crete, 1204-1669)
- Arcipelago (1204-1714)
- Isole Ione (Ionian Islands, 1363-1797)
- Corfu (1386, added to Isole Ione)
- Cipro (Cyprus, 1489-1571)
- Morea (1685-1715)
REPUBLIC OF RAGUSA (1358-1807):
------------------------------
Rival/Break-way state of Venice under the protection of the Ottomans
REPUBLIC OF SIENA (late 11th c. - 1555):
---------------------------------------
Republic of Florence (1115-1531):
--------------------------------
NORMANDY/BRITTANY:
-----------------
Fishermen from Normandy and Brittany began fishing off the coast of Newfoundland and making seasonal camps there as early as the late 1200s. They are known to have taken slaves from among the Native Americans, which were sold in France and other markets. By the late 1400s, the number of individuals involved in these fishing expeditions may have exceeded 300 men. By the 1480s, there were Norman-French slavers actively at work in the New England region.
===================================
AGE OF DISCOVERY
===================================
KINGDOM OF CASTILLE:
-------------------
New Andalusia and Coquivacoa (Nueva Andalucía y Coquivacoa, 1501-1513)
New Spain (Nueva España, 1519-1821)
New Castile (Nueva Castilla, 1528-1542)
New Toledo (Nueva Toledo, 1529-1542)
New Andalusia (Nueva Andalucía, 1534-1617)
Peru (1542-1824)
Yucatán (1617-?, 1786-1819)
New Granada (Nueva Granada, 1717-1819)
Rio de la Plata (Río de la Plata, 1776–1814)
Spanish West Florida:
--------------------
- Panton, Leslie & Company
Spanish Africa:
--------------
Canary Islands (1402 - present)
Ifni (1476-present)
Melilla (1497-present)
Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (1508-1522, 1564-present)
Peñón of Algiers (1510-1529)
Isla de Alborán & Isla de las Nubes (1540-present)
Peñón de Alhucemas (1559-present)
Ceuta (1668-present de jure, 1640-present de facto)
Río Muni (1778-1968)
Annobón (1778-1968)
Fernando Póo (1778-1968)
Spanish East Indies (1565-1898):
-------------------------------
- Philippines (1565-1898)
-- Kingdom of Tondo (? - 1589)
-- Kingdom of Butuan (ca. 1000 - 1521)
-- Visayan Calipates (ca. 1000 - 1571)
-- Kingdom of Namayan (1200s - 1571)
-- Sultanate of Maguindanao (ca. 1300 - 1800)
-- Sultanate of Sulu (ca. 1451 - 1917)
-- Kingdom of Maynila (ca. 1500 - 1571)
-- Sultanates of Lanao (ca. 1520 - present)
ENGLAND:
-------
Virginia Company of London (1606-1624)
Virginia Company of Plymouth (1606-1607)
London and Bristol Company (AKA Newfoundland Company, 1610-?)
Somers Isles Company (1615-1684)
Society of Merchant Venturers (in America from 1616)
Province of Avalon (Newfoundland, 1620-?)
Plymouth Council for New England (1620-1635)
Plymouth Bay Colony (Massachusetts, 1620-1691)
Province of New Hampshire (1622-?, 1680-1686, 1692-1783)
Wessagusset Colony (Massachusetts, 1623)
Dorchester Company (Massachusetts, 1624)
Massachusetts Bay Company (Massachusetts, 1628-1692)
Province of Carolina (1629-1712)
Colony of New Somersetshire (Maine, 1629-1639, 1639-1658)
Waldo Patent (Maine, 1630-1820)
Province of Maryland (1632-1776)
Saybrook Colony (1635-1644, merged with River Colony 1644)
Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (1636-1776)
River Colony (Connecticut, 1636-1686, renamed Colony of Connecticut)
New Haven Colony (1638-1665, merged with River Colony 1665)
Province of Maine (1658-1820)
Province of New York (1664-1783)
Province of East Jersey (1674-1702)
Province of West Jersey (1674-1702)
Province of Pennsylvania (1681-1783)
Dominion of New England (Massachesetts, Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, New York, East Jersey, West Jersey, 1686-1689)
Colony of Connecticut (1686-1789, until 1800 included the Western Reserve, now part of the State of Ohio)
Welsh Tract (Delaware, 1701-1776)
Province of North Carolina (1712-1776)
Province of South Carolina (1712-1776)
Province of Georgia (1732-1777)
Charlotina, Vandalia, West Sylvania (1748-1783, admission as a state opposed by Virginia and Pennsylvania)
Transylvania (1775-1776, admission as a state opposed by Virginia, later admitted as Kentucky)
Vermont Republic (1777-1791, admission as a state opposed by New Hampshire and New York)
Maine (1778-1820, admission as a state opposed by New Hampshire and Massachusetts)
NOTE: I had considered making the various companies as separate playable civs, but the number soon grew beyond anything reasonable, so this idea has been discarded.
Trading companies that may or may not have had colonies associated with them:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merchant Adventurers of London (1407-?, still extant as of 1800)
Merchant Adventurers to New Lands (1551-?, still extant as of 1566)
Muscovy Company (1555-present)
Eastland Company (1579-?, still extant as of 1661)
Levant Company (1581-1825)
Venice Comapny (1583-?)
Barbary Company (1585-?, still extant as of 1728)
East India Company (1600-1874)
Guinea Company (1618-1631)
Providence Island Company (1629-?, still extant as of 1648)
Courteen Association/Assada Company (1635-1646, 1649-1657)
Royal African Company (1660-1752)
Hudson's Bay Company (1670-present)
Greenland Company (fl. 17th cent.)
South Sea Company (1711-1850s)
St. George's Bay Company (1790-?)
Sierra Leone Company (1792-1807)
SCOTLAND:
--------
- Alba Nuadh (Nova Scotia, 1622–1632, lost to French)
- Darien Scheme on the Isthmus of Panama (1698–1700, abandoned)
- Stuarts Town, Province of Carolina (1684–1686, destroyed by the Spanish)
- New Inverness (later Darien), Province of Georgia (from 1735)
- Falkland Islands (1850-present)
WALES:
-----
- Welsh Tract (Pennsylvania, 1684-1690s)
KINGDOM OF FRANCE:
-----------------
- Vice-royauté de Nouvelle-France (1534-1760)
-- Canada (1534-1763)
-- Acadia (1604-1713)
-- La Louisiane (1682-1762, 1802-1804)
-- Terre-Neuve (Newfoundland, 1502-1760)
- Saint-Domingue (Haiti, 1625-1809)
- France Antarctique (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1555-1567)
- France Floridienne (French Florida, 1562-1565)
- France Équinoxiale (French Guyana, 1612-1615, 1626, 1635, 1643, 1674-present)
Compagnie de Rouen (Rouen Company of New France, 1612-1620)
Compagnie de Madagascar (numerous companies, 1620-1900s)
Compagnie de Rouen (Rouen Company of Guyana, 1633-1645, taken over by Compagnie de la France Équinoxiale)
Compagnie de Saint-Christophe (1625-1635)
Compagnie normande (Normandy Company, 1626-1658)
- Senegal
- Gambia
Compagnie de la Nouvelle France (1627-1667, formed in opposition to the Hudson's Bay Co)
-
Compagnie des îles d'Amérique (Company of the American Islands, 1635-1651)
Compagnie du Cap-Vert et du Sénégal (1658-1664, merged into French East India Company)
- Senegal
- Gambia
- Cape Verde
Compagnie de Chine (1660-1719, taken over by 2nd Compagnie de l'Occident)
Compagnie des Indes Orientales (French East India Company, 1664-1719, taken over by 2nd Compagnie de l'Occident)
-French India
Compagnie de l'Occident (French West India Company, 1664-1674)
-
Compagnie du Mississippi (1684-1717, renamed Compagnie de l'Occident)
(2nd) Compagnie de l'Occident (1717-1719, renamed Compagnie des Indes Perpétuelle)
Compagnie des Indes Perpétuelle (1719-1769)
(2nd) Compagnie des Indes Orientales (1785-1794)
French Africa:
-------------
KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL:
-------------------
- Brazil (1500-1621)
-- Brazil Colonial (cap: Porto Seguro, 1500-1549)
-- Brazil (cap: São Salvador, 1549-1621)
---- Brazil (cap: São Salvador, Northern Brazil, 1621-1775)
---- Maranhão (cap: São Luís, Southern Brazil, 1621-1751)
------ Grão-Pará and Maranhão (1751-1772)
-------- Grão-Pará and Rio Negro (1772-1775)
-------- Maranhão and Piauí (1772-1775)
- Brazil (1775-1815)
- United Kingdom of Brazil (1815-1825)
- Empire of Brazil (1825-1889)
Companhia General do Grão Pará e Maranhão
Companhia General do Pernambuco e Paraíba
Portuguese India:
----------------
- Cannanore (1501-1663)
- Coulão (1502-)
- Fort Emmanuel (1503-1663)
- Ilha de Angediva (Anjadip Island)
Portuguese East India Company (1628-1633)
Portuguese East Indies:
----------------------
Casa de Ceuta (1434- )
Casa de Arguim (ca. 1443-1482)
Casa da Guiné (ca. 1443-1482)
Casa da Mina e Tratos de Guiné (1482-1501)
Armazém da Guiné (1482-1501)
Casa de Escravos (1486- )
Casa da Índia e da Guiné (1501-1503)
Casa da Índia (1503-1883)
Casa da Mina e da Guiné (1506-1883)
Armazém da Guiné e Indias (1501- )
Companhia do Niassa (1890-1921)
Companhia de Moçambique (1891-1972)
Portuguese Africa:
-----------------
- Ceuta (1415-1660 de jure, 1415-1640 de facto)
- Madeira (1420-present)
- Azores (1427-present)
- Savage Islands (1438-present)
DENMARK:
-------
- Greenland (1814-present de jure, 1721-present de facto)
- Danish West Indies (1754-1917)
- Danish Gold Coast (1750-1782, 1785-1850)
Danish East India Company (1616-1846):
-------------------------
- Danish India
Danish Africa Company/Danish West India Company/Danish West India-Guinea Company (1659-1776)
-------------------------
- Danish Gold Coast (1663-1750)
NETHERLANDS:
-----------
- Nieuw-Nederlandt (1614-1667, 1673-1674)
- Dutch East Indies (1800-1942, 1945-1949)
-- Netherlands New Guinea (1949-1962)
Dutch West India Company (1621-):
------------------------
- Netherlands Antilles (formally dissolved 2010)
- Pomeroon (1581-1596, 1650-1689)
- Guyana (1616-1814)
- Senegambia (1617-1678)
- Sint Maarten (1618-present)
- Jost van Dyke Island (1623-1672)
- Maagdeneilanden (Virgin Islands, 1625-1680)
- Sint-Kruis (Saint-Croix, 1625-1650)
- Nieuw-Walcheren (Tobago, 1628-1677)
- Nederlands-Brazilië/Nieuw-Holland (1630-1654)
- Virgin Gorda (1631-1680)
- Anegada (1632-1680)
- Bonaire (1634-present)
- Curaçao (1634-1954)
- Sint Eustatius (1636-1954)
- Ilsa de Aves (1636-1954)
- Las Aves Archipelago (1636-1954)
- Los Roques Archipelago (1636-1954)
- La Orchila (1636-1954)
- Aruba (1637-present)
- Ter Tholen (Tortola, 1638-1672)
- Saba (1640-present)
- Sint-Thomas (Saint Thomas, 1657-1666)
- Cayenne (1658-1664, 1676-1677)
- Nieuw-Holland (French Acadia, 1674-1679)
- Suriname (1667-1799, 1816-1954)
Dutch Africa:
------------
- Dutch Guinea (1598-1872)
- Dutch Loango-Angola (1641-1648)
- Dutch Slave Coast (1660-1760)
De Moucheron Company (1597-?)
-----------------------------
Venezuela
South China Sea
Dutch East India Company (1602-1792):
------------------------
- Dutch India (1605-1825)
-- Zeylan (1656-1796)
-- Dutch Coromandel (1608–1825)
-- Dutch Suratte (1616-1795)
-- Dutch Bengal (1627-1825)
-- Dutch Malabar (1661-1795)
-- Burma (1634-1680)
- Dutch East Indies (1602-1800, after 1800 a crown colony)
-- Jayakarta/Batavia/Jakarta (1596-1800, after 1800 a crown colony)
-- Banda Islands (1609-1798, after 1798 a crown colony)
- Dutch Formosa (1624-1662)
- Dutch Cape Colony (1652-1806)
- Dutch Mauritius (1638-1710)
Dutch Australia Company (1614-1644):
-----------------------
Dutch Africa:
------------
SWEDEN:
------
- New Sweden (1638-1655)
- Sankt Barthélemy (1784-1878)
- Guadeloupe (1813-1814)
Swedish Africa Company (1649-1663)
----------------------------------
- Swedish Gold Coast (1650-1658, 1660–1663)
Swedish East India Company (1731-1813):
--------------------------------------
RUSSIA:
------
Russian-America Company:
-----------------------
- Russian-America (Alaska to northern California)
DUCHY OF SAVOY:
--------------
two attepted settlements in Brazil, one in the East Indies, one in Madagascar
- Santa Margherita (Madagascar, 1621-ca.1735, effectively independent from about 1668, mentioned repeatedly in English, Dutch, French, and Portuguese documents relating to Madagascar, razed ca. 1735 by Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, French East India Company)
DUCHY OF COURLAND:
-----------------
- Neu-Kurland (Tobago, 1654-1689)
GRAND DUCHY OF TUSCANY:
----------------------
- 4 (possibly more) rogue/unofficial Tuscan colonies in the vicinity of Cayenne (various dates 1610-1616) mentioned - without name - in reports and diplomatic documents in the Spanish Royal Archives (occured during the Iberian Union), all colonists murdered by Portuguese soldiers on standing orders from King Felipe IV (then King of both Portugal and Spain) to treat all foreign colonies in Spanish/Portuguese territory as "spys, pirates and heretics."
KINGDOM OF HUNGARY (sort of, kind of):
-------------------------------------
- Kingdom of Antongil (Madagascar, 1779-1786, razed in 1786 by David Charpentier de Cossigny, French East India Company)
AUGSBURG:
--------
- Klein-Venedig (1528-1546)
HANAU:
-----
- Hanauisch-Indien (1669-1672)
BRANDENBURG-PRUSSIA:
-------------------
- Emden Company (1752-1757)
- Brandenburgisch-Africanische Compagnie ()
AUSTRIA/HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE:
--------------------------
- Frankfurter Gesellschaft (1680-?, Mennonite settlement in Pennsylvania)
- Imperial Ostend Company (1722-1731)
- Austrian East India Company (1775-1785)
MUGHAL EMPIRE (1526-1857)
===================================
POST-REVOLUTIONARY
===================================
Dissident States, Native States, Seperatist Movements, Unrecognised States, Counter Revolutionary States, and Secessionists in the United States of America:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apachería (until 1750s - ca. 1880s, largely same territory as later Comanchería)
Comanchería (ca. 1750s - ca. 1850s)
State of Franklin (1784-1788, later admitted as part of Tennessee)
Cherokee Nation (1794-1904)
State of Muskogee (1799-1832)
Republic of Madawaska (1827-1842)
Republic of Indian Stream (1830-1835)
State of Delmarva (1833-1835, 1852, and 1998)
State of Deseret (1849-1872, later admitted as Utah)
State of Shasta (1854-present, a parallel movement for a State of Jefferson in the same territory, 1941-1942)
State of South California (1854-present)
State of Nataqua (1856-1861, later admitted as Nevada)
State of Ontonagon (1858-1970s)
The Confederate States of America (first secession 1860 - last readmission 1870)
-- Alabama (1861-1868)
-- Arkansas (1861-1868)
-- Florida (1861-1868)
-- Georgia (1861-1870)
-- Kentucky (1861-1865)
-- Louisiana (1861-1868)
-- Mississippi (1861-1870)
-- Missouri (1861-1865)
-- North Carolina (1861-1868)
-- South Carolina (1860-1868)
-- Tennessee (1861-1866)
-- Texas (1861-1870)
-- Virginia (1861-1870)
-- Arizona Territory (1861-1865)
Secessionists City-State of Town Line (within NY) (1861-readmitted 1946)
State of Columbia (1864-present)
State of Lincoln (1865, 1901, 1920s, 1996, 1999, and 2005)
State of Sequoyah (1905-1907)
State of Absaroka (1939-present)
State of Jefferson (1941-1942)
Republic of Puerto Rico (1948-present)
Republic of New Afrika (1968-present)
State of Cascadia (2001-present)
Vermont Republic (2003-present)
Republic of Lakotah (2007-present)
Numerous others, too many to name, many of them related to white supremacists and religious extremists groups.
Dissident Territories within the Confederate States of America:
--------------------------------------------------------------
State of Scott (1861-1986)
State of Madison (dates uncertain)
Republic of Winston (1861-1877)
Restored Government of Virginia/Trans-Allegheny Virginia/State of Kanawha/Allegheny/Augusta/Columbia/New Virginia/West Virginia (1863-present)
Attempted Territorial Coups in Mexico:
-------------------------------------
Republic of Baja California (1853-1854)
Republic of Sonora (1854)
WALES:
-----
- Y Wladfa Gymreig (Welsh Argentina, 1865-present)
Dissident Territories within Chile:
----------------------------------
- Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (1860-1862)
============================================
MODERN ERA
============================================
KINGDOM OF ITALY (1861-1946):
----------------------------
- Eritrea (1890-1936)
- Somoliland (1889-1936)
-- Italian East Africa (Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, 1936-1941)
- Italian North Africa (Libya, 1911–1943)
GERMAN EMPIRE (1871-1918):
-------------------------
- Deutsch-Westafrika (1884-1919)
-- Togoland (1884-1914)
-- Kamerun (1884-1919)
-- Deutsch-Kongo (1911-1919)
- Deutsch-Südwestafrika (1884-1915)
- Deutsch-Neuguinea (1884-1919)
- Wituland (1885-1890)
- Deutsch-Ostafrika (1885-1919)
- Kiautschou, China (1898-1919)
- Tientsin, China (1899-1917)
- Deutsch-Samoa (1900-1920)
KINGDOM OF BELGIUM:
------------------
- Congo Free State (1885-1908)
KINGDOM OF SPAIN:
----------------
- Corisco (1843-1968)
- Elobey Islands (1843-1968)
- Chafarinas Islands (1847-present)
- Spanish Sahara (1884-1975)
- Spanish Morocco (1913-1956)
=======================================================================
NEW NATIVES
=======================================================================
Guanches (Canary Islands)
Bisayans (Philippines)
Japanese (Japan)
=======================================================================
LEGENDARY PRECOLUMBIAN COLONIZATION/TRADE IN THE AMERICAS
=======================================================================
IRELAND:
-------
- Bréanainn of Clonfert (semi-legendary, ca. 484 - ca. 577, textual claim)
POLYNESIA:
---------
- Mapuchean region as evidenced by DNA, mitochondrial DNA and the presence of sweet potato, peanut, and other botanicals native to South America in Oceania (ca. 600 - ca. 1200)
AL-ANDALUS:
----------
- Khashkhash Ibn Saeed Ibn Aswad (ca. 889, textual claim)
- Ahmad ibn Umar/Raqsh al-Auzz (fl. 12th century, textual claim)
WALES:
-----
- Madog ab Owain Gwynedd (semi-legendary, ca. 1170, textual claim)
NEW GUINEA:
----------
- (ca. 1200, some scientific confirmed evidence to support this claim)
NORSE-GAELS:
-----------
- Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, Baron of Roslin (semi-legendary, ca. 1345 - ca. 1400, textual claim)
MALI:
----
Abu Bakr II (fl. 14th century, textual claim)
DUCHY OF SAXE-WITTENBERG:
------------------------
- Didrik Pining (semi-legendary, ca. 1430 - 1491, textual claim)
- Hans Pothorst (semi-legendary, ca. 1440 - 1490, textual claim)
- John Scolvus (semi-legendary, ca. 1440 - ca. 1490, textual claim)
=======================================================================
FICTIONAL/IMPROBABLE PRECOLUMBIAN COLONIZATION OF AMERICAS
=======================================================================
Atlantis (ca 10,000 BCE)
Phonecians/Carthaginians (ca. 4000 BC, first millenium BCE)
Egypt (before 1215 BCE)
Lost Tribes of Israel (after 722 BCE)
Jomon (before 300 BCE)
China (ca. 1421)
- although other attempts of different date may have accually occured
Extra-terrestrials (varying dates)
- need I say more?
I am attaching an image with some of the icon art that I have made so far for the civs I am adding. If you see anything you like, feel free to use it.
(careful though, the Men in Black are watching! 
)
Nixon was right, he was not a crook. It was his immortal alien organs that approved the Watergate break-in. (though he appears to have died years ago, this too was a coverup & he is now sunning himself on the Alba homeworld) 
