I don't think there is any reliable way to guess the Persian numbers. 80,000 is no more arbitrary than Herodotus's 1 million. I don't think anyone seriously thinks 1 million is accurate anymore, but I have seen scholars who argue that 250,000 is plausible. Keep in mind that this was an army that could not be supplied locally and had to be supplied by the Persian navy. After Salamis, a substantial number had to be withdrawn (although probably supplemented to a degree by Greek allies). So 80,000 strikes me as on the low side for Thermopylae.
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