Something I've always wondered - can you improve your vassal's lands?
A couple of games ago, my vassal had improved my only feasible source of coal with something other than a mine. I coped without, having already tried, and failed, to provoke him into war with me to break the vasselage so I could take the city. I briefly considered gifting him cities so he has the population to break away, then delare war on him to take back the cities and the coal-city, but then realised that that was probably a bit over-the-top.
Now I wonder if I could have simply moved a worker in, re-improved the tile, and demanded the coal...