i still think that there should be many divergent paths you can take for your technological development. you also shouldn't be able to gain all technological advances. perhaps also you should be able to research multiple technologies simultaneously, under different paths.
for example:
i'm the americans, considered an industrious civilization. there's technology tracks, one of which is an industry-based technology track. when i research, say, the corporation, i get a bonus that allows me to develop it faster than, say, the aztecs.
however, the aztecs get a bonus when investigating tactics. either way, we'll both get the corporation and tactics, but the aztecs will get tactics faster.
now, we should both get to investigate different technology tracks simultaneously. there would be something like military, spiritual, industry, and perhaps political?
but then there should be all sorts of sub-specialties, that are increasingly difficult to investigate. if i'm the aztecs and i've investigated tactics, a sub-specialty could be leadership, and an child technology of leadership could be battlefield discipline. another sub-specialty of tactics could be battlefield medicine, and a child of that, quick evacuation.
the benefits of these sub-specialties could be that a general gets generated for your troops if you have leadership, and battlefield discipline yields a bonus during combat.
for the corporation, the sub-specialties could be, the free market, which would give you a percentage of the trade of all other civilizations. then, a child specialty of that could be the stock market, which would provide a significant gold bonus in cities that build a stock market.
what should NOT happen is, an industrial nation gets all the perks and benefits of the military technologies, and vice versa. if you're aztec, you should rightfully have a military advantage over an industrious nation. and, as an industrious nation, you should have an overwhelming economic advantage over a military one.
case in point: during world war 2, the nazis had a huge technological advantage over every other country in the world, with better equipment, and more disciplined troops. however, they were crushed by the production capacity of the americans.
these are the types of fights that should happen in civilization. if you're the germans, you should get panzer tanks, me-262's, and v-2 rockets, to rain down on your enemies. if you're the americans, and end up in a pissing contest, you should get standard jets and tanks, but should be able to out-produce your enemies.
finally, if you completely conquer your enemy, whether it be through military, diplomatic, and cultural means, you should get all of their technologies. it's a pretty good incentive to conquer your opponents
