In my game, Geneva recognized my road after ending the first turn (or within a couple turns) after loading my game the first time after downloading the patch. Check your patch download, game version, and let the game run for a turn or two.
What a relief! :^)
~JeffRockson
P.S. If anyone is curious, I could delete my other connection and see if the trade route confusion in my prepatch screen shot still applies.
Thank you for comment.
I checked patch and version to find them normal.
So, for last a few days, I've tried several tests.
My trade routes between Brussels and my capital were two.
One is a ground road via another city state, Singapore.
(Brussels - Singapore - capital)
Another one is not direct one, via sea trade route.
(Brussles - Chengdu(with harber) --- capital(with harber))
I passed several turns as they are. Nothing happened.
So I made Singapore my ally. Nothing happened.
Then I conquered Sigapore and passed a turn. Now Brussels recognizes the connection.
This test led following conclusion.
The definition of road connection mission does not include...
1) any sea trade route.
2) any trade route via another city state.
I have not tested a trade route via another civ with open border yet. If I get a conclusion about it, I'll post it.