Japan got nuked and is allied to it's Nuker Joij21
They also had a god emperor, and a massive respect for those at the top of the hierarchy in general within the population, so there were only a few people who needed to bend the knee for all to do the same. There are none such figures in the middle east that wields the same cultural power over the general population. Another difference unrelated to cultural differences is that the Japanese were treated quite well by their conqueror, the Palestinians are completely convinced (with good reason) that the same won't be the case if they bend the knee. Palestinians have tried bending the knee in individual cases, but it never seems to improve on their situations at an adequately satisfactory degree. It is also a question about being able to understand the justifications held by both sides when considering what has played out during the conflict. Most Japanese were probably completely unable to comprehend the justification behind the use of the nukes, but on the other hand they knew very well that they themselves willingly initiated the conflict as an obvious aggressor and were therefore themselves not completely innocent in how it all ended.The Japanese culture itself values things a little differently to most Euro-centric cultures and it is this difference that was key in explaining how we're now on good terms after that war. The Japanese went to war to figure out their place in the world hierarchy. They might've been on top... but if they were to be beat, they would naturally place themselves into a service role under the one that beat them. Hard to program a cultural difference in how one would react to losing a war.