I thought literacy measured the percentage of techs you have.
it would be strange for an Immortal AI not to research Writing in 129 turns.
Hmm, 0% literacy, and not at the bottom of any other categories? I'd guess bug, or...
Is Washington still in the game? Killed before he got to Writing, maybe? Which would still make it a bug (he shouldn't be displaying at all then), but it would explain it, at least.
could be killed, come back to life?
This. I believe they start off with pottery, so it is just a tech away.
Well what I've seen from autoplay AIs, they tend to beeline more than a normal player. So it is possible.