The relative speeds of research, building, and unit construction are given in Assets/XML/GameInfo/CIV4GameSpeedInfo.xml. Locate the active version of the file under Beyond The Sword, if you have it; under Warlords, if you have only Warlords, or in your vanilla directory if you have neither. Make a backup of the file, and then edit the lines like:
<iTrainPercent>200</iTrainPercent>
<iConstructPercent>300</iConstructPercent>
<iCreatePercent>300</iCreatePercent>
<iResearchPercent>300</iResearchPercent>
<iBuildPercent>300</iBuildPercent>
<iImprovementPercent>300</iImprovementPercent>
<iGreatPeoplePercent>300</iGreatPeoplePercent>
If it isn't obvious from the file which of these lines affects what, you can search in this forum for the exact keyword and you will probably find somebody else has already asked.