No NW road, 1 Merchant only, never Castes, never building wealth before 1300 AD, making 148 gold per turn, 6 cities (3 shown plus Aksum, Hesperides, Alexandria, but Tripolli was razed) and 4.2K gold. (I checked later Louis had 4K gold, about the average amount France has at 1300 AD).
This is what I was trying to prove -- it is possible to win the first goal without frustration, with minimal lack and without castes. I made 16K by 1575 and this is after 2 Plagues, after Timbuktu was conquered by Barbs (luckily not razed), Daloa was conquered by sneak attacking French and Alexandria flipped to Arabs (all those cities have been later recovered).
Minimal luck requires one-two camel archers flipped at start. The rest is just careful city placement, micromanagement every turn and careful wars.
Yes, the war is the key with Mali. Every conquered city brings 100 gold in average (one can make 145 with Aksum only).
1. Revolt to slavery/HR
2. Found Wagadugu as capital and Timbuktu 1 tile W from starting location (in desert, why waste flood plane?). Timbuktu is a first Great Merchant generator. Do not found Accra until you know sailing -- you would lose the free harbor.
3. Research nothing, Wagadugu and Timbuktu grow to size 6 to whip your first buildings -- Markets. Timbuktu gets 2 Merchants, Capital tries to grow as big as possible, trade Elephant with Europe for Wheat (+2 health) and 4 gold.
4. Camel runs to meet Arabs, as soon as possible -- BUY both fishing and sailing, found Accra, your whip city. Any Elephant you need must come from here. If you work lake and Crab you get +6 food surplus.
5. You have 4 free wins against barbs. Be very very careful to squeeze as much exp for skirmishers and flipped troops. One Skirm promotes Shock and fortifies on Elephant near your capital.
6. Build warriors right after Markets to get prepared for plague, build cottages after everything else is done for the same reason.
7. Now wars:
7a. Aksum is a great city and you want to be Christian and not Muslim (+2hummers from AP and you get INSTANT contact with all the Christian nations). So take it with flipped Camels at all costs, the sooner the better, otherwise don't hesitate to invest in a Knight. Any money you have spent on the right Mercenary will pay off BEFORE your first goal deadline. I just used the exp. from free wins against barbs, Aksum was defended by an archer and catapult (Native Impi killed a spearman for me) , took it with Camel got +145 gold. Also got a precious worker. Started to build Christian Missionaries here.
7b. Hired Axeman, whipped Elephant in Accra, one Skirm and Camel -- for Tripoli. Barbs already soften defenses. Had plans to get that Marble for Leaning Tower and fast Merchants, but barbs pressed too hard and I had to surrender the city to save troops for the next 2 cities I was planning to take for cash.
7c. Alexandria was next -- fooled Byzantines that I am going for Hesperides, they moved some troops, sacrificed one of the two priceless flipped Camels and got that city right in front of the Arabs. Great Lighthouse means cash! Great Library eventually gave me Great Scientist, used it for Philosophy and Pacifism.
7d. With more sacrifices took over Hesperides -- just for cash, otherwise it's a useless city.
8. Traded DR with Spanish last minute for Calendar, Code of Law, Meditation AND open borders and delivered my Merchant on turn 67 -- enough time to see English and trade map for the last minute cash.
As you can see on the picture I am building a Settler for the second seashore city (remember about Great Lighthouse?) and Libraries for the Civil Service teching (I teched it in 8 turns). Your large capital needs Bureaucracy.
After 1300 AD I had really hard time with barbs arriving right when the plague strikes, hired mercenaries just to save my capital. Never lost to Impies. Elephants are for Camels, Skirms for Impies.