3. Cap the amount of gold, gpt, resources, cities, etc. that can be offered up for peace. I would cap this at 25% or maybe even lower. Therefore, the "losing" civ would have some opportunity for recovery post-war and this would hopefully reduce the chance of a runaway by the aggressor.
Actually, after thinking of it, they should just make it so that if white peace (just the normal peace treaty) is made, then it's a white peace like in Paradox games and therefore, cities go back to the original owners.
The AI should place a value on each of these relative to worth. Imagine if an AI has four cities, a size 4, 7, 3, and 2. Add that up and you have 16. If the enemy demands the size 7 city, that's worth about 44% (let's say 44 points for simplicity).
So, to get that city in a peace deal, the player needs to deal
59 "points of damage" against the AI. Pillaging tiles, taking cities, destroying units, etc. would add points while the opposite will take away points.
National Wonders and World Wonders would increase the flat points required. Each National Wonder would add another 10 points and each WW 20 points for instance. Strategic Resources would add say, two points per resource in the deposit (5 iron=10 points) and luxuries a flat 5 points However, you will only get 44 points for taking the size 7 city but if the city has a WW, it would cost
79 points to get in a peace treaty.
For simplicity sake, each point will also allow you to demand 10 gold from the AI so if you got the 79 points, you can demand the size 7 city. Strategic Luxuries, however, can't stack so if you demand 5 iron and the size-7 city, you would be demanded 89 points worth of stuff but only have 79 points.
Things that add points
-Each point of damage
-Pillaging (pillaging luxuries/strategics/great improvements worth more than normal improvements)
-Taking cities
Things that reduce points
-Each point of damage against you
-Pillaging
-Losing cities
-Each turn you're at war
If you go into the negatives and you're the attacker, the AI should also be able to demand things from you.