In The Aeneid, Beowulf, and Sir Gawain & the Green Knight, the virtue of presence of mind directs the characters to their success or demise. Presence of mind is the virtue that helps a hero learn from the past, live in the present, and anticipate the future. Learning from the past means that one knows what mistakes he or other people made, and does not commit them again. To live in the present is to be aware of what you must be doing. For one to anticipate the future, a person must also see the consequences of the actions. Aeneas lost his presence of mind when he is in Carthage with Dido, Beowulf lost his when he fought the dragon, and Gawain lost his during his stay in the castle.
In The Aeneid, Aeneas, the son of Venus, and one of the last surviving Trojans, was forced to sail around the Mediterranean Sea for seven years. When shipwrecked by a storm send by Juno through Aeolus, he lands in Carthage, a city founded by Phoenician traders. During his stay, he develops a relationship with the queen Dido. Instead of remembering the prophecy he had received, which said he would marry a Latin in Italy, he stayed in Carthage and tried to live with Dido. He also needed to be aware of what he should have been doing. His goal was to get to Italy and found the Roman race. He did not remember this and thus got won over by Dido. He also did not see the consequences of his stay with Dido. When he had to leave, Dido got so mad, she committed suicide. If Aeneas had not stayed with Dido, Carthage would never have had its hatred for Rome.
Beowulf, son of Edgetho, is the hero of the Danes when he defeats the monsters Grendel, and his mother. When he becomes king of Geatland, he rules peacefully for fifty years. But, when a thief steals a cup from a dragon, Beowulf has to defeat the dragon to save the Geats. In the past, monsters had ravaged the land, destroying everything. When Beowulf learned about the dragon, he should have found another way to defeat it. He also did not live in the present when he was in the fight against the dragon.