You can massively outexpand and generally outplay the AI at least up to Immortal without ever falling behind in tech; you can also tech the tree well within the 500 turns. Not sure how the numbers will end up comparing to civ4 in the end on the latter part (since civ4 would see tech trees finished in about half the total time, and I never got how people could not finish the tech tree by 2050 except for completely new, settler-level players).
Great Scientists are incredibly powerful, but simply having more land/population/improvement/cities goes most of the way. The weaker AI are far less able to "catch up" in civ5 as well since they can't trade/peacevassal techs away for free.