member66170
King
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Something autoimmune then?
Bad not maintaining the proper ph balance in the digestive system?
Bad not maintaining the proper ph balance in the digestive system?
Science & Technology Quiz 2: The one with the catchy title.
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GoodGame
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On the right track with 'autoimmune'! But that's just getting warm.
To the best of my knowledge, the involvement of pH levels in the pathology of the disease has not been studied----so I'll just say "not relevant at this time".
The pathology is:
loss of intestinal vilii -> leading to malabsorbtion of everything:
fat malabsorbtion -> leading to diarrhea, loss of water
lactose malabsorbtion -> leading to flatulence, abdominal pain etc.
mineral malabsorbtion -> leading to osteoporosis and other mineral deficiencies
B12 and iron malabsorbtion -> leading to anemia and peripheral neuropathy
etc.
now the pathogenesis
is:certain HLA-positive antigen presenting cells (the HLA type is a specific one and is genetically determined) see and present Gluten antigen -> this leads to formation of a quite strong immune response against Gluten which cross reacts with certain autoantigens - mostly transglutaminase -> which in turn leads to distruction of mucosal cells and loss of intestinal vilii...
Or atleast this is what I remember from the last talk on Celiac disease around here
GoodGame
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Good answer Ori. You win. 
Right on the both counts.
There are two major HLA types (genetic antibody types) that have a strong link to the disease, so there is a strong genetic link, from which is estimated about 2 million people in the USA suffer from it, but only about 20% know they have the disease.
The gluten is actually poorly digested to a fraction of amino acids (e.g. 'gliadin')that cross-react and get recognized by T-helper cells as foreign (apparently the gliadin is also irritating to the intestine, causing inflamation and natural killer cells to get involved, which acts like a feedback loop to allow the gliadin to spread further until it trips an immune response). Gluten is a storage protein in plant grain crops, and only some type of grains' gluten has amino acid sequences that trigger the auto-immune respons---usually only some monocot grains like wheat, rye, and sometimes oats; Corn and rice are usually safe. Glutens aren't the same protein from species to species.
http://www.gastropraxis-fried.ch/CeliacDisease2007.pdf
There's no known cure, and the only treatment is to strictly avoid grains that trigger the response--usually meaning a diet of rice, corn and dicots.
Right on the both counts.
There are two major HLA types (genetic antibody types) that have a strong link to the disease, so there is a strong genetic link, from which is estimated about 2 million people in the USA suffer from it, but only about 20% know they have the disease.
The gluten is actually poorly digested to a fraction of amino acids (e.g. 'gliadin')that cross-react and get recognized by T-helper cells as foreign (apparently the gliadin is also irritating to the intestine, causing inflamation and natural killer cells to get involved, which acts like a feedback loop to allow the gliadin to spread further until it trips an immune response). Gluten is a storage protein in plant grain crops, and only some type of grains' gluten has amino acid sequences that trigger the auto-immune respons---usually only some monocot grains like wheat, rye, and sometimes oats; Corn and rice are usually safe. Glutens aren't the same protein from species to species.
http://www.gastropraxis-fried.ch/CeliacDisease2007.pdf
There's no known cure, and the only treatment is to strictly avoid grains that trigger the response--usually meaning a diet of rice, corn and dicots.
What is chipseq?
N o
GoodGame
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Ok it came to me what it might be while I slept. Seq stands for sequencing, as in genome sequencing.
Chip refers to it being a DNA chip.
My wild onager guess:
So I'll guess this is a gene-chip application where by the chip has tons of random genome embedded on to it (literally nucleotide embedded on silicon), all connected by the chip to a circuit. Process a sample genome---presumably involving some physical manipulation and probably lots of enzyme digests (restriction enzymes most likely), then run the sample over the chip. Thanks to the ability of nucleotide sequencs to complementary bind each other (via base-pairing of Guanine to Cytoseine bases, Adenine to Thymine bases) the sample sequences will bind to the sequences, and that will trigger the chip firing presumably with that sequence at that spot known (including it's 5'->3' directionality).
So that will generate lots of data of the sequences, including the 5'->3' directionality of the sequences, without doing the traditional chemical way of breaking off one base at a time to sequence (which is also pretty fast these days, but still expensive, though consistently getting cheaper).
The catch is like similar restriction-enzyme type sequencing, the sequences still have to overlap to build the larger map of the genome, so the processing of the sample has to cut up the sample in a multitude of ways to generate overlapping fragments.
My answer might be totally bunk though. I'm not very knowledgeable about gene-chip--as to how accurate they are, etc... just that they were showing promise a decade ago.
Chip refers to it being a DNA chip.
My wild onager guess:
So I'll guess this is a gene-chip application where by the chip has tons of random genome embedded on to it (literally nucleotide embedded on silicon), all connected by the chip to a circuit. Process a sample genome---presumably involving some physical manipulation and probably lots of enzyme digests (restriction enzymes most likely), then run the sample over the chip. Thanks to the ability of nucleotide sequencs to complementary bind each other (via base-pairing of Guanine to Cytoseine bases, Adenine to Thymine bases) the sample sequences will bind to the sequences, and that will trigger the chip firing presumably with that sequence at that spot known (including it's 5'->3' directionality).
So that will generate lots of data of the sequences, including the 5'->3' directionality of the sequences, without doing the traditional chemical way of breaking off one base at a time to sequence (which is also pretty fast these days, but still expensive, though consistently getting cheaper).
The catch is like similar restriction-enzyme type sequencing, the sequences still have to overlap to build the larger map of the genome, so the processing of the sample has to cut up the sample in a multitude of ways to generate overlapping fragments.
My answer might be totally bunk though. I'm not very knowledgeable about gene-chip--as to how accurate they are, etc... just that they were showing promise a decade ago.
its half correct: seq indeed stands for sequencing - the chip though stands for something else...
curiously what you describe is done in other applications - where chip at the end of the method name stands for a gene chip...
curiously what you describe is done in other applications - where chip at the end of the method name stands for a gene chip...
its a method to obtain the stuff that needs to go into the seq part
sure:
ChIP or Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation is a method by which one can obtain DNA fragments by precipitating them along with a DNA associated protein using antibodies against that protein. In the more widely used ChIP-chip method these DNA fragments are then hybridized to DNA microarrays to investigate where exactly the Protein of interests binds to DNA. In ChIPSeq the DNA fragments are instead sequenced - giving essentially the same information with a lot less sample needed... The drawback is price - a few ten thousand sequences still cost quite a lot
now for a new question:
what is a ribozyme?
ChIP or Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation is a method by which one can obtain DNA fragments by precipitating them along with a DNA associated protein using antibodies against that protein. In the more widely used ChIP-chip method these DNA fragments are then hybridized to DNA microarrays to investigate where exactly the Protein of interests binds to DNA. In ChIPSeq the DNA fragments are instead sequenced - giving essentially the same information with a lot less sample needed... The drawback is price - a few ten thousand sequences still cost quite a lot
now for a new question:
what is a ribozyme?
Aramazd
Deity
An enzyme made of RNA. One example would be RNA that acts as a catalyst for its own replication.
Abgar has it
Aramazd
Deity
Since this thread is past 1000, it's time to start a new thread.
Here is the link to the new thread. I'll PM KD to close this one.
Here is the link to the new thread. I'll PM KD to close this one.
Closed per Abgar's request.
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