Not all is linear calculation.
BtS uses constant 10 open threads and sometimes up to 13 threads. If at end of turn something gets finished (i.e. research) or a popup for ranking then that opens a new extra thread (i.e. choose new research), and may use the 2nd core if free. Because that, it makes no difference if you have 2 or 8 cores, or more, it always uses max 2 cores only.
Times needed after click end turn depends mainly from two things: linear calculation of the unit movements/activities (and there the barbarian can slow all dramatically), and the processing for screen (and that depends from speed of grafic card, so it is a big dfference if you have i.e. "show enemy movements" and hundreds of barbarian activities get shown, or not, and then the cpu load can go up to 100% for a core while other are idle ). If you want to speed up the AI's tuns then disable all what gets shown extra on monitor.