Mike,
Please note
The Everyone's Guide to Getting Advice! that might be of use. If you are going to post a game, certainly don't do one from 1850AD or something like that - go for late BCs. There's a lot of commentary in this linked thread about how to ask an appropriate question and post relevant screenshots.
Certainly, if you've yet to do so, please also consider going through the generally excellent
Sisiutil's Strategy Guide for Beginners that contains a lot of useful tips (although you can debate 'The 60% Rule' bit).
Loads of information in
The War Academy.
A lot of 'series' type games can be followed in this forum (e.g. The Noble's Club) where you can download a game, play along, and read others' experiences of playing the same map.
Some people including
TheMeInTeam and
AbsoluteZero have done plenty of Immortal and/or Deity games on YouTube that you can follow to at least get an idea of how to play at tough levels (although I can't say I support automating Workers). Obviously playing at Prince allows for more latitude, and not all tactics applied in these videos are required or necessarily relevant to Prince level play, but I think it may be worthwhile to check them out nonetheless. There are others beyond these two guys who also have Civ4 videos on YouTube that are worth checking out too.
Personally, I would suggest you play on standard settings (normal sized 'regular' shaped map {fractal, continents, pangaea}, normal or Epic speed, standard number of AIs) to get a better handle on the game, but I'll be the first to admit that it's your game and you can play with whatever settings that you like! Once you've mastered 'standard' map settings, then I'd suggest tackling more exotic settings if you wish. My 2¢ at any rate.
I suppose four 'traps for young players' are; (a.) have a keen eye to specialising your cities rather than creating too many 'hybrids' - see Sisiutil's Guide for more on 'specialisation', (b.) World Wonders can be terrific but don't overdo them - they're expensive and should be sought out to provide a clearly defined function, not built completely on a whim, (c.) do not automate your Workers
at very least until you're sure that your game is 'all but won', although I never automate my Workers, and (d.) food is terribly important for most cities, so look for potential sites that have good food yields so that cities don't quickly stagnate their populations.
Anyway, hopefully some of this is of help, and best of luck!