It all depends from one round to the next what takes more time. AI decision-making takes the vast majority of processing but to define that deeper depends on whether the AI needs to make civic or tech choices, how many building choices, etc... Probably unit movement decisions take the most time overall. Thus a map with a lot of units takes a longer time than a map with fewer units.
Relative to unit AI, animal spawning and property flow is almost entirely negligible.
Does unit AI cover animals/barbarian units too? As in do barbarian/animal AI decide, to where move their units?
BTW freshly launched mod takes only 510 MB of memory
I have mem-saver enabled in stock civ4 config (alt-tabbing is possible, as I use windowed mode)
Started duel-sized map: 770 MB of memory. First 10 turns passed in 25 secs. No AIs though.
Exited to main menu, now 720 MB of memory is used.
I guess there is still room for optimizations for RAM usage.
Started gigantic map with 99% ocean: 910 MB memory usage. 35 secs for 10 turns. (Base is 720 MB here though)
Went to main menu, 820 MB of RAM used.
Gigantic map with barbarians, 15 AI, and mostly land (820 MB of base load):
1400 MB. Revealing entire map increased load only by 30 MB. 1m 40s passed.
I guess Gigantic and possibly Giant should have reduced AI defaults.
In fact Gigantic (and giant?) could be as well as removed.
Only 64bit+multithreading could save gigantic map with 15 AI.