Trajan, Mirc, or anyone else who might be familiar with music theory:
I'm having a little bit of trouble with enharmonics. E sharp/F flat, C sharp/ D flat, sure, sure...
But what about notes like G, D, and A?
G natural/ F sharp are two different pitches.
G natural/ A flat are two different pitches.
The only thing I can think of is G / A double flat* or F double sharp/ G...
but I don't know whether or not that's correct and my book and the internet haven't proved to be helpful.
Yes, G natural and F sharp or G natural and A flat are two different pitches, and yes G and A double flat are the same pitch while F double sharp is the same as G. You got it right.
It's because between C-D, D-E, F-G, G-A, A-B, there is one whole tone, while between E-F, or B-C, it is only one semitone. The structure of a major scale (upwards) is tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone-tone-semitone. Thus, there are 2 semitones, if no accidentals are used.
In any case, that only works with tempered instruments. Untempered ones are a COMPLETELY different story, and things like C sharp being higher than B flat happen, or E flat being higher than F, etc. Don't forget that the tempered scales are
artificial, which is why they would never sound as perfect as the untempered ones, also called
natural.
I, personally, play the guitar, which is tempered (thus artificial) but if you have a good ear you will be able, in time, to realize the slight almost unaudible differences between something like a violin and a piano playing the same thing.