So I finally got enough time away from World of Warcraft to finish Game 16. Culture games have always been my favorite since they involve small vertical empires, but since you are focused on just a few cities (or one, in my case) you have to micro-manage the heck out of it since it's the only one you have control over.
My plan was to go one city and puppet as many around me as I could. I also knew I would need three GEs (one each for Louvre, Cristo, and Sydney) and as many GS as I could get my hands on. I calculated that if I just made sure to pop one GE from great people counters, then I could get the other two from Liberty and Hagia Sophia.
I settled in place and sent my warrior SE. Found a ruins with culture (Tradition) and then another with a map which showed me Mecca. First build was a scout who went the other direction (NW) but hit the coast immediately and had to turn south. The scout found two more ruins (upgrade and mining!) while the warrior kept going east around Mecca and then south when he hit the coast. Found Quebec and Belgrade, met the English, had to turn back west, and then found the valley with the Great Mesa in it, which had around 3 ruins in it, which was unusual being that this was almost turn 20. Got another culture, another upgrade (Immortal), and Masonry. Meanwhile, my scout headed west past Stockholm, then went south (I thought north was coast) and met Rome and two more ruins (gold and barbarian camps).
I pushed Pottery-Writing-Philo-Animal Husbandry-Trapping and built Stonehenge then GL. I had to delay the GL a few turns to finish trapping so I could get Civil Service with my free tech.
Around turn 50, I had a good lay of the continent and realized I was going to have to take out England ASAP. She dropped York south of me on a river between three cows and some cotton, a really nice spot which would make a great puppet. I purchased a pikeman, upgraded my immortal to a pikeman, and used these two + the archer to take out York. Elizabeth dropped Nottingham on the other side of that mountain range, SW of Persopolis by the extra dyes, so once they healed up from taking York my army marched over and took Nottingham as well. I took a peace offer from England for all her money and her whales. The I bought another pikeman, and turned my sights on Arabia.
After finishing the GL in turn 54, I started the oracle. With the free policy I took the one in Piety that begins a Golden Age, which gave my troops +10% and +1 move, which helped me take Mecca. Arabia had founded Medina SW and Damascus South by the marble, and when Mecca fell, he offered me Damascus and all of HIS money to leave him alone. I said sure, because my 10 turns of peace with England were now over. I turned my armies back north, finished off Elizabeth, then did the exact same thing to Hasun 10 turns later.
At this point, I now controlled the entire eastern half of our continent. Unfortunately, both Rome and China disliked me, and would continue to be guarded or hostile the rest of the game. I knew both were prone to DoW, so I didn't bother signing any RAs with them, which really was a mistake. A few early RAs would have been much better than throwing money at City-States, which I mainly did to keep my happiness up.
For most of the game, I had Persopolis + six puppet cities. I use my puppets mainly as a source of gold, which is the fuel that runs a culture empire. Since I'm always building wonders in my capital, I try not to ever hard-build any units or buildings. In fact, I think the only unit or building I actually built the entire game were my Scout and Monument at the very beginning.
For policies, I went Tradition, then 2 in Liberty for the free worker, then Aristocracy for the wonder bonus, by which time I had unlocked Piety and I filled it up. I went back to Liberty and took the one that gives +1 happiness for trade routes, and then I finally got to Renaissance and took 2 in Freedom, then back to Tradition for Legalism and Monarchy, and then filled out the rest of Freedom for the +bonus to Landmarks.
Science-wise, I made a full beeline to Acoustics. I must admit to getting some luck in that the two free techs I got from Ancient Ruins were the only two techs I would have had to get that weren't in the direct Acoustics path. I used Oxford to pop Acoustics (did Oxford always give a +3 science bonus? That seems new) and then pushed up the top path towards Astronomy. Once I hit astronomy (around turn 120 or so) I burned my two Great Scientists to immediately get Archaeology and used my Great Engineer from Hagia Sophia to rush-build the Louvre. That plus the Hermitage had me cranking out the culture.
After that, it was just a matter of micromanaging the great people counters. At 100 and 200 I took GS, and 300 I double-popped an artist and a scientist, and 500 was a GS-GA-GE triple pop. The one mistake I made was not signing more RAs. I kept waiting for the AI to catch up to Renaissance, so I wouldn't have to pay the 100g penalty, but I really should have just sucked it up, or traded horses/iron to cover the 100g. Also, I didn't time the RAs very well and they didn't push as much as they could have.
The only real hiccup occured when I got Scientific Theory and looked around for some coal. A couple of City-States had it, but they take forever to hook it up, and I didn't want to start attacking CSs and take a penalty from the others. The only coal I could see was on a hill west of Stockholm, and amazingly, Rome had just popped down a city next to it. I was dying to try out my fancy new Knights (a gift from Belgrade, who allied itself with me after I killed a barb camp with a worker in it and I just kept refreshing it for the Furs), so I DoW'ed Rome and took Ancillius or whatever it was called, razed another of his cities, then accepted his hasty peace offering.
While all this had been going on, I had sent those trusty pikemen out into the oceans exploring, finding Alex, Catherine, and Bismark, who all became my friend and signed RAs with me later. Only near the very end did they turn against me, after I stole all their city-states.
Once I finished Military Science (Biology had already been completed) I popped three GS to get to Telegraph and Engineer-rushed Cristo. My last RA came in and helped me finish Radio about three turns after Cristo completed, at which time my final GS popped and I teched into Mass Media, finished Liberty tree, and used the GE to rush Sydney Opera House. Once Sydney came online, I was cranking 750+ cs a turn, which helped me complete the fifth tree in turn 233. My initial estimation for completion time was 17 turns, but I pulled every single pop that wasn't on a production tile and used them as "unemployed" which gives +1 each, which mananged to get my utopia build time down to 15 turns.
Things I wish I had done better: I should have signed more RAs around the 80-90 turn mark, in order to push to Archaeology quicker. I also wish I had teched into replacement parts and built Statue of Liberty, I could have shaved 2-3 more turns off my end time I think.