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Deity
I did, yes; I wanted to rule out distance as a factor. I didn't think about the AI wanting to make it back into port the same turn, but you could well be right there. Good observation!To me it seems that the AI is more likely to attack something if it can attack it and make it back into home port. Did you make sure all the galleys were equal distance from Constantinople?

It's tricky to think up a good test, though. I finnicked around a bit at first. Before trying it against the Byzantines I tried it against Germany. Do you think they ever attacked me? Nope, I never even saw a single German galley, not even with the Jaws score on!

So, you might ask some questions about this test, but personally I've seen enough to come to the conclusion that the AI doesn't know that when it's attacking a vessel, it's also targeting the cargo.
I really wouldn't know how to test how much the AI appreciates the ability to get back in their own harbour, so that test might not happen...