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1.16 Paragon/Normal Speed UHV Strategies

I think your Byzantine strat for UHV1 is a little extreme, you can pull it off quite easily without hamstringing your tech as badly by switching to monasticism, putting tech at about 50% and two merchants in Constantinople. With a good bit luck you can get both GM's to India well enough in advance that only a few turns at 0%, given you've developed your economy in Asia minor(wine and dyes farm on wheat for Treb and quarry for Ikonion) and you can easily hit the UHV. After that put all specialists to work in Constantinople getting as much food as possible for the next 200 years and you can pull off UHV2 given you built harbor/bath. Lastly have Athens produce 3 work boats to make use of the seafood to grow Constantinople, Athens and Neapolis.

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Note:I spent about ~250 gold on upgrading the garrison of Constantinople (the Spearmen) and Singidunon to deal with the barbs so theoretically I think you could actually pull it off without having to go below 50% at all.

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Complete with 4 turns to go and as it stands Constantinople is still the biggest city in the world so UHV2 is still very much on the cards
 
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I think your Byzantine strat for UHV1 is a little extreme, you can pull it off quite easily without hamstringing ...

Agreed with this, although I've done it without Monasticism. There's also a few gamey things you can do to keep Egypt and the Levant through the Arab spawn, but that is not necessary to win the UHV.
 
Agreed with this, although I've done it without Monasticism. There's also a few gamey things you can do to keep Egypt and the Levant through the Arab spawn, but that is not necessary to win the UHV.
I find gaming the spawn war to keep the Levant and Egypt makes the first UHV harder because Alexandria's Great Scientists mess up Constantinople's Great Merchent's and there generally Isn't enough time to whip out a market to get a GM in Alexandria in time.

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Confirmation the second UHV is possible using this method +sacking of Rasht to collapse the Turks so no Ottomons to worry about(I quickly reloaded and WB'ed to confirm my suspicions, most of the Turks cites were guarded by one to two archers making them easy picking for HA/Catas I'm assuming this is AI derpyness or not intended behavior) and a rare stableish post Seljuk Arabia! Guess I can't have my cake and eat it!
 
Tibet

UHV1: Control 5 cities by 1000.
UHV2: Spread Buddhism to 25% by 1400.
UHV3: 5 GPs in Lhasa by 1700.

Expansion: Starting horses attack Hindu/Buddhist holy city, then Calcutta, Delhi, Pagan, which gets you to your 5 cities. Conquered cities build 1-2 Archers, then worker, then Missionaries. Capital builds 1-2 add'l Archers (3 barb swords will attack periodically), 1-2 horses to support expansion, then Missionaries.

Civics: Monasticism is key for GP generation. I worked 2 or 3 food tiles with the holy city, with the rest Priests, which ensured I had the 5 GPs by ~1350.

Stability: Had to significantly limit growth in all conquered cities; even then I was unstable/collapsing so gifted Pagan away around 1300 and also liberated Calcutta.

UHV2: this is the tricky one given time limit. Early on I converted India, China, Indochina, and Turkic core (going through China), as when I was trying to pass through Persia to Europe a barb kept killing my missionairy. Later when the Mongols and Turks "stabilized" Persia, I sent through several Missionaries onto Europe, targeting the highest population cities. In the end it was tight, but managed to get there just in time in 1390! n.b., having the missionary wait 1-2 turns at the target city before attempting to spread significantly improves the odds (esp. in Europe where conversion is risky).

I forgot to double-check the Indian subcontinent where a few cities had Buddhism dissappear when Islam spread; with more thoroughness effective victory can be improved.

Wars: managed to avoid by agreeing to all tribute requests. I wanted to ensure my missionary routes are intact...
 
Mongols

1.16 has mighty 3-movement Keshiks coupled with Mangudais, which makes Mongols a real fun warmongering experience!

UHV1: Control China by 1300
UHV2: Raze 7 cities.
UHV3: Control 12% by 1500.

UHV1: Starting horses captured Beijing; which made China collapse, making the conquest of Rest of China easy.

Cities: All initial cities build a Ger and then Keshiks ad infinitum. One dedicated city builds 4-5 settlers. Later on all cities built Jails for stability purposes.

Civics: I switched to Monarchy / Manorialism ~1400 for stability reasons. Stayed without religion given the incredibly diverse religious spread across my empire...

UHV3: After China, I conquered Indy central asia up to Persia; where I halted until ~1430, when I got my second GP to launch a GA to support my stability; then I crushed the Turks and also captured Indy Bagdat. In the meantime settled ~5 cities around the capital / in Siberia to ensure maximum land grab. Put the culture slider to 100%, and built Culture in the new cities. Also captured a Siberian city from Russia. These added up to 12% around 1470! At that moment I liberated the Russian city to manage stability.

Stability: A HUGE issue (with China respawn the main risk); I literally cut down every non-Core city to pop ~3, with the exception of Xian which is a beast, producing 2 Keshiks every 3 turns, at pop 7/8. Once my GP-induced GA finished, luckily the 2 UHV-driven GA kicked in with only 1-2 turn gap so my stability remained OK.

UHV2: After the 12% limit as met, I unleashed my Keshiks and razed the 2 Korean cities, 2 Thai cities, and 4 Ottoman cities, fulfilling the UHV in 1495! I was scared to do it sdoner but victory date can be improved if the razes happen early.
 
Mexico (1700AD start)

UHV1: 3 state religion cathedrals by 1880
UHV2: 3 GGs by 1940
UHV3: Mexico City most populous city in 1960

Civics: Despotism (need to whip a lot), Nationhood (helps with stability), Clergy (bonus for buildings), Individualism, Free Enterprise, Constitution. Later on switched to Tolerance when too many religions spread to my cities.

Techs: UHV3 implies a tech race to get to Supermarket (+10% food) and Microbiology (hospitals). Initial tech speed is really slow but my starting techs are beelining for Rifleman and Grenadier.

UHV1: 3 cathedrals = 12 cities needed in total, or 7 additional to the 5 I started with. Mexico City immediately started printing settlers (takes ~2 turn per settler). I settled Denver (amazing production city, 1E of marble), Oaxaca (1S of Stone), and captured indy Guatemala and Havana early on with starting units (2-2-2 Dragoons/ Grenadiers/Artillery and 1 Rifleman; inherited from Spain presumably). In 1850 I settled LA, San Fran, and Tijuana (just when the US settlers show up). Mexico City also printed the Missionaries needed, Churches got whipped and thus 3 Cathedrals achieved in 1870!

UHV2: Cities with decent production started printing military units (Cuirassier, Pistolier, Grenadier). With my starting units (incl. 2 artilleries), now experienced, I declared war on US and captured Seattle, New Orleans, and razed 2 other crappy cities. I intentionally prolonged the war instead of making peace, accumulating GG points. However, as the years went by US started to get to a dangerous tech lead, so I made peace when only 20 GG points needed for the 3rd GG. Then attacked Canada with the veteran troops and got the 3rd GG in 1922!

UHV3: Focused on tech buildings and then built Wealth everywhere; started 2 GAs; traded techs where possible, and managed to steal 1 from US. Amsterdam is the main competitor, oscillated between pop 26-28. I also traded resources aggressively (hit movies, hit singles, sheep, etc; mainly from England); Mexico City also got the Cereal industry so I bought 2 wheat/corn from others. With all this, and ascribing the entire BFC to Mexico City, with farm on every single tile (incl. on hills), I got to pop 28 in 1960, and hence won!

Stability: Not a big issue given strong pop in capital, good economic growth, and good civics. Didn't have to constrain growth.
 
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Canada (1700AD start)

UHV1: Railroad connectiong Pacific and Atlantic coast by 1920
UHV2: Control 90% of Canada and all cities without conquering a city by 1950
UHV3: Broker peace 12 times by 2000

Civics: Starting civics are OK.

Techs: No techs needed to win; I put Culture slider to ~30-50% and otherwised amassed gold that I used to broker peace.

Expansion: Montreal and Toronto produced Settlers early on, followed by a few of Workers. My city choices are, in this order, 1SE of Aluminium (required for St Johns culture push), on coal (-> asap access to railroad), 1NE of cow, Vancouver, 1N of copper, 2S of gems, 1N of northernmost fur, 1S of northernmost gold. UHV1 achieved in 1906.

UHV2: All cities start with Theatre, Weaver, Estate, and emphasize Great Artists. Northern / poor production cities just built culture. Together with the culture slider this was enough for the 90% condition. The "control all cities" condition is a different matter - a whole side-quest re getting St. John's culture-flipped.

St John's culture push: Once the 1SE of Aluminium city has taken over the culture tile 2W of St John's, I founded another city on that tile. I chopped Theather and Weaver, then built culture. All Great Artists culture-bombed this city. Also built the +100% culture national wonder there with a GE. The city south of St Johns also supports the culture push with culture buildings & specialists. Around 1946, at ~65% Canadian culture, England finally gifted me the city (I was getting ready to go 100% espionage and try to support a city revolt just before the 1950 deadline...).

UHV3: Starting ships should go out to meet everyone; there will be many many wars going on periodically due to the AI's high preference for entering into DPs. I was able to use my initial tech lead to broker ~8-9 peaces early on (usual suspects are backwards nations like LatAm, SEA). The remaining 3-4 I had to buy with cash money, costed c. 1000-1500 each. Post UHV2 I built Wealth in all cities and put the slider on 100% gold, (+500-600 gold per turn during GA), which enabled me to quickly broker the remaining peace treaties, achieving victory in 1952!

Stability: not an issue given good civic co and epxansion in "historical" areas.
 
Iran (600AD start, switch from Congo)

UHV1: 6 OBs with EU civs in 1650
UHV2: Control Mesopotamia, Transoxania, NW India in 1750
UHV3: 20k culture in a city in 1800

Civics: Switched to Monasticism (GAs), Conquest. Rest of the starting civics are fine, and better to avoid an extra turn of anarchy (monarchy, vassalage, slavery, regulated trade).

Techs: Beelined for Horticulture (Estates), Civil Liberties (Civic Square, Nat Gallery). Afterwards I put Culture slider to maximum. Traded techs when possible.

UVH1: Shiraz built a Caravel relatively early and moved over to Europe; Turkey often OBs so then a land unit can do the same. Relatively easy to get to 6 OBs quickly (I got 7), by gifting World Map, maybe even a tech, or alternatively declaring war on a common enemy (e.g. in my case Italy was at war with France).

UHV2: My starting stack was a formidable ~15 Qizilbash and ~6 bombards.
- Bagdat was barb with 2 defenders so a couple of Qizilbash took care of it; the rest of my large stack captured the 3 mughal cities by the Indus river, followed by Delhi, at which point Mughals collapsed. Unfortunately I become very unstable, hence I decided to start a GA (wasting a Great Artist...).
- After the Delhi conquest I moved my stack to Bagdat in anticipation of a Turkey attack, which indeed came but I suffered modest losses.
- Later on Uzbeks collapsed so I only needed to capture the southernmost city to control Transoxania (although at that point my stability was OK so I could also claim Samarqand).
- I settled GGs in Rasht and produced a couple more Qizilbash there for further support.

UHV3: This is a massive GP micro; cities with natural GP generation (i.e., wonders) should build Theatre, Weaver, Estate ASAP to maximize probability of GAs. I only got 1 Statesmen, the rest GAs. In addition, I picked my capital Isfahan as the 20k city given strong production and food, and built all culture + bonus buildings there ASAP (Grand mosque, nat gallery, nat theatre, etc.). This plus the Culture slider should comfortably get to 20k unless really unlucky with the GPs.

Stability: a big issue as only 2 cities in the core; important to assign most of the BFC to the 2 core cities and emphasize growth, while keeping non-core cities at pop ~4-5-6. I also built Jail, Constabulary, and Islam mosque everywhere. Indian respawn is the key risk that needs to be avoided.

Interestingly by the late game I was #1 in GDP, which proves how powerful the land can be, esp. with the bonus trade routes of Caravanserai!
 
Khmer

UHV1: 4 buddhist and 4 hindu "monasteries" + Angkor Wat in 1200
UHV2: Avg city pop of 12 in 1450
UHV3: 8k culture by 1450

This is tricky one on Paragon, given the added tech challenge!

Civics: Switched to Citizenship (nice production boost for Library, Theatre, Baray!), Monasticism (GPs), Despotism (whip). Once UHV1 is fulfilled, switched back to Monarchy (Militia for happiness).

Techs: Beelined for Civil Service (Angkor Wat), then maxed culture slider. Managed to trade Politics with Japan (I was already halfway). Used Great Priest to bulb Theology and half of Civil Service. Later sold techs for gold to Indonesia, Korea etc. when possible, to maximize culture slider.

UVH1: Founded capital on sugar, second city Hanoi, third Pagan (conquered), fourth later on 3E of capital. Hindu missionary went to Hanoi who needs culture, Buddhist to capital. Work orders:
- Capital: worker, library, buddhist monastery, buddhist missionary (Hanoi), hindu monastery, Angkor Wat (whip).
- Hanoi: work boat, Hindu monastery, hindu missionary, settler, work boat (4th city), buddhist monastery, buddhist missionary (4th city); from settler onwards most of it whipped.
- Pagan: hindu monastery, hindu missionary (4th city; whip), buddhist monastery (whip).
- 4th city: hindu monastery, buddhist monastery (both whipped).

Workers: start on capital (stone, banana, etc), then split up and 2-3 does the mines around the capital while 1-2 focus on Hanoi (pig) and Pagan (mine on hill, then banana). Also built road from Hanoi to 4th city so that missionary can land quickly. All mines and ivory assigned to Capital to speed up Angkor Wat.

GPs: Pagan should run a Priest specialist early on to generate a GP quickly for bulb.

With 4 hindu and 2 buddhist monasteries done, I switched to buddhism as state religion, thereby I was able to quickly whip the last 2 buddhist monasteries at Pagan and at the 4th city. Both Angkor and the last 2 whips happened in 1190, very close!

UHV2&3: Both goals are tight.
Capital built Theatre and Weaver and ran 2 artist and 2 scientist specialists, thereby generating, with a bit of luck, 2 GAs (2 x 2400 culture) - my second GA came in exactly in 1450... The remaining 3.2k was generated organically (100-150 culture per turn).
Other cities built Granary, Harbor, Baray, Monument, Theatre. No more whips so not all completed... Hanoi churned out Militia for happiness (traded away copper for resources with Tamil). Also traded with Mongolia for wheat. In the end Pagan was a laggard and I had to gift it away to Tamil to reach 12 avg population size! Luckily my culture was above 8k even without that 550 of culture.

Stability: wasn't an issue as big capital and the rest historical, even with an odd civic combo of Citizenship+Caste System in the early game.

Idea to improve: Could go on a rampage and conquer indy Calcutta, Hangzhou, and Indonesian cities to help with monasteries and culture goal (which is "by 1450" and hence can be triggered early). Then gift them away to someone to make the 12 pop goal easier and avoid wars. Although may need to wait until Civil Service is researched, as conquests will likely put your economy in the toilet.
 
Thai

UHV1: 10 OBs by 1650
UHV2: Ayutthaya most populous city in 1700
UHV3: No foreign power in South Asia in 1900

This is a long one!

Civics: Starting civics are fine; the only change is to Tributaries (plenty of food to build military). Once researched, I switched to Centralism and Clergy (for stability boost).
Techs: Beelined for Caravel tech, then Bombard tech, then Arquebusier tech, then Musketeer tech... Tried to keep my "non-foreign" folks happy (Tamil, India, Mughal, Indonesia) and gifted them pretty much all techs, to increase their chances of fighting back the Trading Company armies. Bulbed techs with every single GP and tried to trade techs when possible.
Cities: my first roll was a weak Khmer who put an odd city on the dye; I was inclined to roll again but in the end decided to go with it, as that city has the added benefit of being in your core. Elephants captured that city, Hanoi, then indy Saigon (which spawned shortly after 1350) and Pagan. Cities built science / trade route buildings to support my tech race.

UVH1: The easy one once you get to Europe with the caravel; generally folks open borders, sometimes you need to gift some gold but you start with a nice stash of 600 or so.
UHV2: This one looked difficult with a 21 pop Edo, but the Khmer dye city had the nice wonder which adds another 25% of food upon pop growth; that + assigning full BFC to Ayutthaya and building farms everywhere ensured I reached pop 21/22. In fact there was a plague shortly before 1700 but that hurt the Japs more as I was able to regrow faster. I traded some resources to support growth, and generally built health / growth buildings in Ayutthaya, and supported happiness with an army of archers / militia.

UHV3: This is where the game gets really, really dirty. First, you have Spanish Manila, and Spain was surprisingly stable. Then you have Portugal in Singapore, rest of Indonesia indy and waiting for Dutch onslaught... and then of course the overpowered Brits in India.
I was 1-2 eras behind, barely starting on Arquebusiers in 1700 when England already had riflemen, so it was a tough situation.
Until 1700, I was a complete pacifist to maximize UHV2 odds, but in 1700 started the military economy: science slider to zero, every city started on barracks + troops ad infinitum, supported by 2 military academies in Hanoi and Ayutthaya. In fact I adopted Citizenship for the first 100 years and started gold-rushing troops as I was panicking a bit (see below).

1st target: Portuguese Singapore
It was poorly defended so I decided to take it quickly around 1720.

2nd target: British India
India actually went through some dramatic changes up to 1700, including the initial British conquest around 1670 actually beaten by Mughals, followed by an orange India resurrection in Calcutta, followed Tamil collapse and a flip of 4 south Indian cities from the indies to the Brits around 1710! Now there's my problem.
Brits looked stable and I figured they will get to machine gun pretty soon so between 1760-90 I captured their 4 south Indian cities with a large stack of Elephants and 3-4 bombards to break down the annoying +100% defense bonus (castles).
It was a bloody battle, but my numbers prevailed. I donated 1 or 2 of these cities to the Mughals, as my stability was getting scary (mainly due to poor economy as my mercenary army was dragging me down).

Intermezzo: defend vs. imperlialist China
Around 1800, out of the blue, my northern neighbors decided to declare war on me. My veterans just arrived back from India, so it was actually an OK initial battle (they mainly sent horses and siege, which is a piece of cake for my elephants).
However, I was panicking they will send a big stack so I made peace, gifting them Singapore - this was a silly mistake, as I didn't realize the UHV condition is "no foreign power" and not "no European power"... Should have just used my big stash of gold.

3rd target: Spanish Philippines
It had 2 riflemen defenders, which I crushed with some bombards and elephants in 1850.

4th target: Dutch Java / Burma
The Dutch somehow didn't manage to capture any cities with their original Trading Company army. However, around 1750 they somehow pulled the same trick as the Brits on India, and 2 Indy cities "traded" to the Dutch. They seemed stable and already had Riflemen, plus Burma is all jungle so I can only attack them with Elephants, which seemed like an impossible feat.
I declared war on them and started to look for a strong EU power who I could bribe to crush them in their homeland. Unfortunately even the most suitable power, Germany, seemed reluctant to help me ("enough on our hands now").
Here I finally got a bit of luck, and the 2 Dutch East Indies cities flipped back to Indy around 1870, solving my problem.

5th target: Chinese Singapore
In 1898 I declared war on China and attacked Singapore with a stack of Elephants and Musketeers. It had 4-5 dragoons and 1 riflemen defense (another mistake: I OB'd with China, letting the troops through my lands...) which was OK for my army. I kept a big stack of Musketeers as defense in Hanoi, which was enough for the first turn of war. Luckily in 1900 the victory screen kicked in so I didn't have to experience the second wave of Chinese artilleries and riflemen!

Stability: a real big issue in late game; even though I balanced my expansion penalty to 0 by starving Foreign cities, my economy was also terrible (war with everyone, expensive army) which I balanced with a +15 from domestic (mainly the powerful civic combo mentioned above, plus religious unity and Jails everywhere). Even then, it would have probably made sense to save up 2 GPs so that I can trigger a GA when becoming "collapsing".

Congresses: an absolute nightmare, in second half of the 1800s they come very frequently, and often target my cities. I accepted the decision on one south Indian city going to Mughals, and later on Pagan also going to Mughals... but had to refuse Hanoi going to France, which resulted in wars with Brits and Germany who rampaged through my fishing boats, further hurting my stability and economy.
 
Have you tried Mughals? I'm struggling with their UHV on Emperor.

Not yet apart from a quick test run, but my hunch is you'd need to get lucky with a collapsed England, or at least a relatively late Trading Co attack.
UHV1 is doable on Paragon/Normal speed with the 10 Indian cities + founding 2 more in core (Peshawar and one in SW corner of core area). Then to reach UHV2 techs in time you'd need to build Wealth quite a bit - on Paragon likely really hard. For UHV3, max culture slider and focus on GAs although I'm not sure how far off that one is.
 
Moors (3000BC start)

UHV1: Control 3 cities in Maghreb and control 2 conquered cities in each of Iberia and West Africa in 1200
UHV2: Build the Mezquita, and have 4 GPs settled in Cordoba by 1300 (any combo of priest, engineer, scientist)
UHV3: 3k gold from piracy by 1650

I feel like on Paragon the only way to win is to immediately squash the Spanish, otherwise their superior science and production will make it impossible to beat them later on. In the 600AD start I found this really tricky to do, given Spain gets more and better starting units. Hence I decided to give it a go with a 3000BC start, and managed to win in the first instance!

Civics: Switched to Monarchy, Monasticism.
Techs: Beelined for Lancer tech, then Corsair techs. Once the 4 GPs settled Cordoba, used all GPs to bulb.

UHV1: Melilla and Valencia flipped to me which was great - esp. Melilla which was well-developed with great production and had the buildings to run 4 specialists (IMO much better location vs. 600AD flip Marrakech).

Upon the flip, Carthage declared war - they had reasonably strong defense units in Carthage and in the city on top of the Iron, so I built 4-5 Catapults before attacking.

In parallel, I immediately declared war on Spain when they popped up, and attacked Madrid with all my Iberian units – 2 Crossbowmen flipped in Valencia was helpful, as well as the 2 bonus Camel Archers I received from Carthage's declaration of war (although I would have expected more..). In the end I managed to capture Madrid with moderate losses, and moved on to also capture Santiago, therby eliminating Spain.

From then on, the game is a piece of cake; I produced 2 Lancers and captured 2 Malinese cities before 1200, after which they vassalized.

UHV2: With monasticism and the great Melilla, I produced the 4 GPs fairly quickly (3 in Melilla, 1 in Cordoba). I built the Mezquita in Melilla as well given superior production. Conditions completed in 1110 AD!

UHV3: I managed to build House of Wisdom and Spiral Minaret as well, which helped with tech. Achieved Corsair techs around 1450-1500. Then all coastal cities built Corsairs ad infinitum. Best way to get gold is to sink ships, but if no targets around then destroying fishing boats and blockading big cities also helps. Helpful to focus on both East Med and West Atlantic. Condition achieved in 1600.

Stability: As long as BFC assigned to Cordoba and Melilla, my expansion stability was OK. I had to stop growth in non-core cities in a few instances, but after each city had a Jail it was fine.

To maximize score, an aggressive player could potentially go on a rampage and capture rest of North Africa, or even Italy / France, given pretty strong tech lead and decent stability.
 
Netherlands (600AD start)

UHV1: 3 GMs settled in Amsterdam by 1745
UHV2: 4 European colonies conquered by 1745
UHV3: 7 spice resources by 1775

Civics: Switched to Regulated Trade (much-needed commerce boost to accelerate tech), Monasticism (GPs).
Techs: Economics (Trading Co), then Musketeer tech. Bulbed first GM towards Economics; later also bulbed another one towards Musketeer tech. After the Musketeer tech I set tech % to zero to accumulate gold for troop upgrades.

UHV1: The easy one; Amsterdam is able to run several specialists; as long as you ensure GM % has a formidable majority you can be done with this one by ~1712.

UHV2: A difficult one, as on Paragon most EU powers are racing ahead with tech, and will likely get to Riflemen sooner than you'd even get to Musketeers... (for context: at my start date, all my neighbors had all my starting techs already and had 5+ additional techs I didn't have). Spain had a Caribbean city on top of the spice with 1 defender, so I decided to kill two birds with one stone and conquer it immediately, losing 2 Arquebusiers in the process.

Starting settlers founded South African city on gold, a South American city near an unclaimed spice (the other spice nearby had a well-defended French city), and an odd city 1N of north Mexican spice (for this one, I had to use an artist and build Culture for the duration of the game, to claim the Spice tile from Spanish ex-Aztec cities).

Portugal founded a city very close to my S.African city with 1 injured defender, so I decided to opportunistically declare war and capture it, quickly making peace.

Once Amsterdam finally built the Trading Co around 1727 (supported by workshops around it) and I whipped the army, I captured only 1 indy city (east Java city on top of spice), and moved the rest of the troops to that city. Note that I was 5 turns away from the Musketeer tech at that point, so I got Arquebusiers instead of Musketeers, but given the UVH2 time pressure I couldn't wait.

I looked around to find poorly-defended colonies, and got my eyes on Portuguese Sri Lanka (also has a spice as bonus) with 2 musketeers, and Portuguese city in NE Brazil (N of banana) near my colony, with 1 musketeer. All my cities built Arquebusiers & East Indiaman, and finally in 1742 I attacked Portugal and managed to capture both cities in 1745, triggering the GA.

UHV3: Starting settlers covered 2 spices, Spanish & Portuguese conquest covered 2 more, and the Java city the 5th, which left me with 2 that I thought would get from Madagascar + eastern Indonesia. Madagascar was an easy one (I put the settler on top of the Spice - no time for workers!).

However, I faced 2 obstacles in the end game:
(i) an unfortunate Congress claimed my Spanish conquest city which I couldn't refuse, as Amsterdam was poorly-defended and I was 1 era behind France / Germany; this meant I needed 2 more spices from eastern Indonesia.
(ii) there was an indy city on top of one of the east Indonesian spices, and its culture covered the other 2 spices as well! Moreover, it had 4 Arquebusier defenders, and only 1 land tile adjacent to the city which was a rainforest, i.e. my bombards were useless and I had to attack amphibiously with my freshly-upgraded Musketeers. I pulled together all my forces and went forward with the Bloodiest Battle Ever, where my initially 3% victory odd attackers eventually prevailed, losing ~6 Musketeers in the process... That finally "freed up" the other two spices, and I quickly dropped a settler on top of another spice (settler built in the Java city), thereby achieving victory in 1775!

Stability: Not a major issue as long as you don't lose Amsterdam...
 
Portugal (600AD start)

UHV1: 14 OBs by 1550
UHV2: 12 Trading Co resources by 1650
UHV3: 15 cities in Brazil/Africa/Asia in 1700

Civics: Switched to Regulated Trade (much-needed commerce boost to accelerate tech), Monasticism (GPs to bulb).
Techs: Beeline for Cartography (Carracks), then for Exploration (Trading Co), then doesn't really matter (and your tech rate will be very low anyways). I used my first GM to bulb Paper and managed to trade a half-done Compass with England (for Heritage, my only tech lead). Hence I got to Cartography in 1310, not bad on Paragon. Then I traded whatever possible to get to Exploration asap (got it in 1475).
Cities: Started with Lisbon/Oporto, followed by South African city on gold when possible - this city is great to build workers and settlers as needed.

UHV1: Not as easy as it looks, esp. if a couple of civs collapse. At the first instance you need an OB from Spain. One way is to adopt Theocracy and gift some gold, but I decided to keep my Monasticism and hence just declared war on Moors. Now at this point I could have captured Cordoba with my starting units, but I wanted to keep Spain happy so decided to hold off. I sent a spearmen to the east, opening borders with everyone possible (only reluctant fellow was Russia, no matter how much I gifted him). Then I started strategic wars to OB, eg declared on Russia for Mongol and Ottoman OB, declared on Khmer for Thai OB. Unfortunately Vikings and Mongols ended up collapsing, but nevertheless I achieved the goal in 1510 with Iran spawn and visiting Mughal/Tamil, Inca, Congo, and China/Korea.

UHV2: I got Trading Co in 1565 - I only had Pikemen and Bombards but its actually enough to win. I got pretty bad luck with Trading Co cities: Singapore and Sri Lanka was not founded, and in addition China respawned shortly after my Trading Co event, hence I lost Guangzhou.

I strategically placed a couple of settlers on key city resource locations in case Spain/France tries to beat me to it, such as French Guyana, Madeira, and the Caribbean spice island - ideally you want to delay founding cities until you got Exploration (to get the nice bonus buildings), but keep an eye on French/Spanish settlers so that you can preempt. Unfortunately France beat me to Madagascar; didn't even think of blocking it as usually they don't go for that very early.

Brazil got me 6 resources, Congo 2, Quelimane 1, Madeira 1, Caribbean city 1, Mexico city 1 (I captured it early on given it is a nice city, and it also has 1 spice in the radius beyond BFC). I messed up Muqdisho - when Ethiopia capitulated, I asked for their Sugar, but they collapsed later on and I didn't have time to capture Muqdisho in time. England also offered me a resource so I ended up getting to 13 resources in 1640.

UHV3: That's the easy one - I already had 8 cities in place, so I just printed 7 settlers in Brazil / Africa and put them down in 1700 to achieve victory!

Stability: Not a major issue as long as the 2 core cities are big.
 
Greece

UHV1:
First to discover Mathematics, Literature, Aesthetics, Philosophy, Medicine
UHV2: Control Egypt, Phoenicia, Babylon, Persia in 330 BC
UHV3: Build the Colossus, Parthenon, Statue of Zeus, and Temple of Artemis by 250 BC

Civics: Kept starting civics (Republic is handy and you'll get enough Happiness resource so won't need Monarchy).
Cities: I like Halicarnassus (on Horse in Asia Minor) on easier difficulties, but on Paragon there are usually too many Hulugannis storming that area, so I went with Epidamnos (tile adjacent to Clam, Copper). Both cities start with Work Boat, then Olympic Temple for Epidamnos, Library for both, then focus on Wonders and growth (you'll want to maximize your Core population). Conquered cities build Library and then Barracks + Hoplites, plus an occasional Wonder if time allows.

UHV1: This is ultimately the difficult one - on Paragon you have to eliminate both Egypt and Babylon ASAP, otherwise one of them will beat you to one of the 5 techs (typically Literature). There is no chance to get the right GP to bulb Literature, and the Oracle is already built when you spawn. If you attack Egypt first, Babylon will beat you, while if you attack Babylon first, Egypt will beat you. To solve the Catch 22, I decided to try to attack BOTH from the get-go!

2 Hoplites immediately attacked Babylon, while the 3rd Hoplite and a Huluganni that flipped to me went for Egypt.

Egypt: tends to be the easier enemy out of the 2. In my case they just recently built their third city 1E of Wheat which only had 2 Militia defenders that I took down amphibiously. I was thinking of razing the city but was afraid of the stability hit and potential collapse / Egypt or Babylon respawn. The two units, once promoted and not even fully healed, went forward towards Niwt Rst (1 Archer and 2 Militia defenders) and was quickly captured. I did not go for their third city in the south as I was sure Egypt will collapse.

Niwt Rist is a fantastic city if well-improved (in my case had Incense, Gold, Horse, Camel, Quarries all developed hence was a massive boost to my economy). I built Olympian Temple there, then Library, Barracks, and ~6 Hoplites.

Babylon: this is the really tricky part, but you need to capture Babylon asap with the 2 Hoplites! Not sure if I got lucky or if the very first attack of a new civ tends to be a win, but I won my first battle with ~30% odd (Babylon archer with 40% culture defense and some fortify bonus), which gave me some nice experience. The other hoplite killed an archer en route from Nineveh to help, and the first Hoplite once fully healed was able to take down the second Babylon archer, and later a Militia, hence I captured Babylon!

At this point I had high hopes, but unfortunately Nineveh didn't seem like it will collapse and I knew they will finish Literature soon (much sooner than I will). I quickly pillaged the improvements around Nineveh to slow their tech/production while I shipped my 2 Egyptian veteran units over, and with the 4 units I managed to capture Nineveh wiht small losses (Nineveh was building Skirmishers instead of Archers for some reason)!

From here on, the game is won. The only risk is a collapse / respawn of one of the 2 defeated civs. To avoid that, I emphasized growth in the 2 core cities while stopped growth in the conquered cities. With the nice republic bonus I was able to max out specialists, eg Babylon at pop 3 can run 3 specialists. Babylon built Olympian Temple followed by Militia and Hoplites.

Techs: Calendar (GS bulb, from Babylon); Literature; Bloomery; Construction and Mathematics (GE bulb, from Niwt Rst); Priesthood; Aesthetics & 80% of Philosophy (GA from I think Babylon again), Philosophy, Cement, Medicine.

Got my GA in 460 BC when UHV1 and UHV3 kicked in.

UHV3: You'll have fantastic cities, already quite well-developed, plus you will capture a bunch of workers, so building the wonders is the easy part. Without much focus, I ended up building the following wonders (in that order): Sphynx (Athens), Colossus (Epidamnos), Parthenon (Babylon), Temple of Artemis (Athens), Statue of Zeus (Epidamnos), Hanging Gardens (Niwt Rst), Great Cothon (Athens). I forgot but could have also built Great Library before I won. I also controlled Pyramids, Oracle, Apadana Palace in the captured cities.

UHV2: I captured Phoenicia relatively early as my stability allowed it and it is a great city with Dye and Wine. I only declared war on Persia just 6-8 turns before the deadline, and my army of ~10 hoplites (built mainly in Niwt Rst and also in Babylon) was easily able to capture Shush, Persepolis, and Aspadana.

Stability: At times I was scared and had to starve some cities; stability bonus from good economy was a major counterbalance that kept me stable or shaky for most of the game. One could also quickly build more Core cities, however you are already running science on 30-40% for most of the game so that may just put your economy into the toilet for good.

It may be possible to split your army differently, eg 2 Hoplites + 1 Huluganni going to Babylon, and only 1 Hoplite to Egypt. Alternatively, you may get luckier with your starting Hulugannis, which could derisk this strategy further.
 
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Carthage (Phoenicia)

UHV1:
Palace and Great Cothon in Carthage by 300 BC
UHV2: Control Italy, Iberia in 100 BC
UHV3: Have 5k gold in 200 AD

Civics: Kept starting civics (Republic is great). Switched to Merchant Trade (+1 trade route) when possible.
Cities: Sur starts with Library, then Settler (second core city in Carthage on Dye), then Barracks and Numidian Cavalries, Market, Wealth. Greek cities also Library, Barracks, Numidian Cavalries, Market, Wealth. Carthage Monument, Palace, Great Cothon, then the same as above.
Techs: Riding (Numidian Cavalry), then beeline for Currency (Markets). I bulbed Calendar + Mathematics with a GS I got from Athens. Got to Currency in 265 BC, after which I put my science to 0%.

UHV1: For the Palace you need 4 cities; in addition Greece will likely build the Great Cothon very shortly after you spawn. So to kill two birds with one stone, I declared war on Greece once my Galley with the Settler has passed to Carthage, and attacked them with 3 flipped Hulugannis and 1 Spearman. 3 Hulugannis may be a lucky start but it was my first roll. Athens had 1 Phalanx and 1 Archer defense, which I managed to capture with 1 Huluganni loss. Sparta had only 1 Archer, which I captured with another Huluganni loss.
After Wheat and Copper improved, I shipped over 2 starting workers from Sur to Carthage, as well as the other 2 I captured in Greece, which ensured a quick UHV1.

UHV2: Once I had ~6 Numidian Cavalries, I attacked Rome. They were surprisingly stable even after capturing Rome and Pompeii, hence I annoyingly had to capture Milan and Valencia before they collapsed. It was actually tight as I got Valencia 2 turns before the deadline; maybe I should have skipped Barracks as the Numidians are strong enough without promotion.

UHV3: The real challenging part, as on Paragon you'd need 2 GM trade missions to get to 5k (without the trade missions, I can get to ~2.5k). Prime candidates are Sur and Carthage for GM generation. It is important to try to build the Markets early, so that you can run ideally 4 specialists during the GA. Best targets are Holy Cities (Jerusalem gave me 1.7k, and the Egyptian Orthodoxy Holy City gave me 2k, so I ended up with ~6.3k in the end).

Stability: Was actually a big issue, even when Carthage was pop ~9 and all other cities ~3-4, I was still -25 for my Expansion stability. I was quite worried about a Roman respawn, although ultimately it wouldn't have made a difference, as the Roman cities were marginal for my economy.
 
Persia

UHV1:
7% of land area by 140 AD
UHV2: 7 world wonders by 350 AD
UHV3: 2 shrines in 350 AD

Civics: Kept starting civics, Manorialism actually quite helpful as you'll need to build a lot of workers early on, and Monarchy is a stable combo with it. Switched to Merchant Trade (+1 trade route) when possible.
Cities: I put my second settler on the camel - it has good food and production on adjacent tiles. Later on I put a fourth core city 1E of sheep. Core cities focus on military (Immortals, Barracks, later Persian Lancers), Library, and Zoroastrian monks. Parsa starts with a work boat and Apadana Palace in addition.

Techs: Seafaring (to enable trade routes), then beeline for Generalship (Persian Lancers are quite helpful; got it in 280 BC but could be improved), then beeline for Currency (155 AD; bulbed Mathematics with a GS).

Early Conquests: I sent 2 Immortals to India which tends to be really weak; sure enough Delhi only had 2 archer defenders; same for Pataliputra. Indian cities start with a couple of workers, then Delhi built the Dujiangyan wonder, then Libraries and some military.
All the other troops aggressively attacked Babylon. They had a second city on the copper, which I quickly captured with limited losses. However, Babylon city had a massive stack of Archers and Skirmishers as well (Immortals don't get the +100% bonus against Skirmishers - big issue!). Here I was a little puzzled as I knew I need to move quickly and don't have technology for Catapults or any superior units... What I did have was great production cities and a very cheap Immortal unit, so I decided to go with brute force and just kamikaze attacked a huge stack of Immortals onto Babylon, and eventually succeeded! At that point Babylon collapsed and I captured indy northern city next to Deer, Asia Minor city, Jerusalem, Samarqand, and weakly-defended Sur (Phoenicia).
After the initial round of conquests I halted as I was barely making money at 0% tech rate. Focused on workers improving the land and getting ready for Greek and Roman attacks on my cities.

UHV2: Babylon was a rock star with 4 wonders (Oracle, Parthenon, Sphynx, Hanging Gardens), while Sur had the Great Lighthouse. I built the Apadana Palace and the Dujiangyan early on so I hit UHV2 condition in 370 BC. By the end I had 11 Great Wonders + 2 shrines.

UHV3: Babylon city had 3 great wonders so I focused my efforts there to get the 2 GPs. I quickly built a temple here and ran a priest, which ensured 2 GPs relatively early. First GP did Jewish wonder given it was well-spread; second one the Zoroastrian wonder given I have spread it across most of my cities by then.

Greek invasion: I was not very well-prepared for this - haven't even got the tech for Lancers hence was only able to defend. I just stacked ~5 defenders in each target city (Parsa, Shushan, Jerusalem, Asia Minor city) and awaited the onslaught.

Roman invasion: Much more modest - only Jerusalem and the Asia Minor city, and only 2 Legions and 1 Ballista each. At this point I had a few Lancers which was helpful, otherwise would have lost the Asia Minor city.

UHV1: The initial conquests got me to ~5%. My next target was Egypt, which vassalized to Greece when the Greek conquerors attacked them. I sent a massive stack of Immortals + 4-5 Lancers. Greece had an even bigger stack of Hoplite conquerors in Niwt Rst so I had to skip that as I didn't bother building siege weapons. Rather I captured the 2 poorly-defended northwestern Egyptian cities, after which thankfully Greece collapsed and shortly after Egypt as well. Interestingly at the Egyptian collapse the 2 remaining Egyptian cities flipped to Rome, but they didn't have a lot of defenders so I captured them quickly.
At this point I was around 6-6.3%, so I quickly built 2 settlers and put them on (i) the desert tile on the Caspian east coast, and (ii) in India adjacent to Horse and Cotton. I put the Culture slider to 100% for a couple of turns to make sure I quickly hit the 7% goal, which I achieved in 110 AD. From then on, I just had to make sure I don't collapse and defend against barbs in Central Asia and India.

Stability: The Persian UP is pretty awesome, early on I had no big issues with Expansion Stability (Overexpansion negative was balanced by Recent Expansion positive). Nevertheless I kept my non-core cities small at 2-3 pop except for Delhi and Babylon. In the final years I gifted away a couple of cities just to be sure, eg Asia Minor city to Rome, Eastern Egypt city to Ethiopia.

I've lost 32 immortals over the course of the game - what a bloodbath!
 
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