The AI will never be able to read your mind. It can anticipate actions based on set rules, and how well it can anticipate it also related to how well it is allowed to cheat.
Parts of the Civ3 AI -- the military part -- for example was functionally omniscient so their SoDs could be lured into traps by emptying cities or simply be strung around while the human player readies their units.
Espionage as a concept isn't bad for the AI, if you build it in such a way that the AI needs to perform the same operations a human has to to reveal certain bits of information that it has but can't use or pass on to another module in the AI subsystems until certain conditions are met, such as performing a spy operation.
Tying espionage less to units but to operations and a Civ3 style sub screen, but with agents, is also a fairly safe way to create a feature the AI can understand.