If you read Germs, Guns and Steel from Jared Diamond, he claims that Europe managed overcome China technologically because China was united, and Europe divided.
The division and competition in Europe forced each state to find new invent new concepts, new weapons, to remain competitive. While China was to big, and to powerful to need such progress.
Also, the central government of China had the effect that if an invention was seen as useless and did not get support, the idea was abandonned everywhere, while in Europe, if a prince did not support it, another would.
You may agree or not with his explanation. However, for sure the exchange of ideas and international cooperation are a must to develop new concepts and technologies.