The riflemen in game represent more a flintlock rifle, which is not exactly a high powered weapon, technically macemen could defeat riflemen with nearly the ease of defeating bowmen ...
Are you sure its that specific of a representation? I always kinda saw the rifleman as using a distinctly better technology than mere musketmen. i.e., rifled bores vs. smooth bores. Not as a specific type of riflemen themselves, early or later.
Whether they were using good rifles or primitive rifles, they were immensely better in war than musketmen, who were superior to longbowmen, macemen, etc.
Besides, how prolific of a unit was a "maceman"? This is the first civ incarnation to use them, and I don't think any civilization in RL fielded a heavily armored formation of dudes with nothing but a giant mace on a regular basis. Maybe a few did, but it could only have been in limited cases and for special reasons. In all my scholastic pursuits in history, I've never seen anything that would suggest they were as important to changes in warfare as say a phalanx, legion, longbowman, armored knight, tank, etc. Even crossbows weren't a very prolific technology. Besides the Chinese and some city-states of the southern mediterranean in the late middle ages, no one used them that much. But probably more did than armies full of macemen, though.
... but I wonder if the developers actually looked at the game's mechanics in such detail?
Which I guess brings me to a point I've wanted to voice for awhile. I'd say they do ... but it doesn't figure highly into their fomrulae. Other things seem to take precedence over realism ... which isn't so bad I guess since the end result is a game and not a history book. That said ...
I've played civ from the very first. Two was the best IMO. In all those years the only thing I can think of to properly justify some of the whackiness is just plain balance.
The designers and everyone else involved (Sid, too) want to make a new game, different enough from the previous, with enough new ideas and units and such. Then when they're done, they have to balance all that stuff out, too. Now, not only do we have macemen, but we have to ensure that the strength of a maceman isn't too unbalanced against other units => guys with maces can kill guys with rifles in more circumstances than many of us feel comfortable with. Maybe that doesn't happen in RL, but there's much less balance in RL as well.
Civ keeps me coming back for more. But as more games are released, it seems that "simulating" real history is taking a backseat to fantasizing about it. We each have our own preference, and it is just a game, but at some point, people (like in this thread) are going to start throwing down the BS flag more often.
Lol ... I do it multiple times per game!