Sostratus
Deity
Comparing that to the weaker Civs, and those poor souls just feel anemic. France, since we're using them as an example, just lacks the tools to seriously compete. Their unique unit has to be raw built (doesn't upgrade from anything) and shows up late in the game, their orientation towards spies isn't all that strong (though the +3 combat strength from the level of visibility is good), and the chateau is just terrible. Eleanor's ability nor Grand Tour are good enough to salvage the Civ. Also, it's worth noting that outside of that +3 combat strength through Cat, they have no bonuses before the Medieval Era.
Yeah. Like Egypt - a desert builder - simply pales in comparison to Nubia, a desert builder.
+15% to districts on rivers pales compared to +20% / +40% everywhere. (Yes egypt has the flood thing and wonders, but +15% is too small early on. China just straight up has them roasted in the wonder department.)
Maryannu vs Pitati. maryannu are +5str... but cost twice as much and are only more mobile if they start on flat terrain. It's just not even comparable. Sphinx vs nubian pyramid. Oh and nubia also have that mines bonus on resources and +50% ranged unit build speed and xp gain. Cleo in return provides... +4 gold on intl routes.
Hungary arguably has a much more useful river district bonus because it applies to the buildings too. It doesn't seem like such a colossal gap just glancing at the text, but in game it is yuge.We all know Nubia is much more powerful generally and you really have to twist a niche situation to come up with a way for egypt to shine brighter.
So I think it's almost less that top tier vs low tier gap is big; it's that the strong civs are beating the weak civs at their own niches. GS has brought us up to a huge number of civs, but every civ is unique- they just need number balancing mostly to bring the worst up to par.