Might as well throw out my guesses for the rest of the cultures. My lists are prolly too Western-centric though. Some of them share the same name in different eras (British, French)...
Medieval Era:
1. Aztecs (Militarist)
2. Byzantines (Merchant)
3. English (Agrarian)
4. Franks (Aesthete)
5. Ghana/or maybe Malinese (Merchant or Scientist)
6. Khmer (Builder, Agrarian or Aesthete)
7. Mongols (Expansionist)
8. Teutons (Builder or Merchant)
9. Umayyad (Scientist or Expansionist)
10. Vikings (Militarist)
Runner ups/DLC material: Goryeo, Zapotecs, Inca, Zimbabwe, Swahili, Hungarians, Majapahit, Mississippians, Timurids
Early Modern Era:
1. British (Scientist or Expansionist)
2. Dutch (Merchant)
3. Joseon (Scientist or Aesthete)
4. Ming (Aesthete or Merchant)
5. Mughals (Builder)
6. Ottomans (Expansionist)
7. Polish (Agrarian)
8. Spanish (Expansionist)
9. Tokugawa (Militarist or Aesthete)
10. Venetians (Merchant)
Runner ups/DLC material: Portuguese, Safavids, Russians, Songhai, Swedish, French, Iroquois, Kongolese
Industrial Era:
1. Americans (Expansionist)
2. Argentines (Agrarian)
3. Austrians (Merchant)
4. British (Scientist, Expansionist, or Merchant)
5. Ethiopians (Militarist or Aesthete)
6. French (Expansionist)
7. Italians (Aesthete)
8. Prussians (Militarist or Builder)
9. Russians (Agrarian)
10. Zulu (Militarist)
Runner ups/DLC material: Siamese, Gran Colombians, Brazilians, Dutch, Moroccans, Afghans, Iranians, Mexicans, Ashanti
Contemporary Era:
1. Americans (Scientist, Merchant or Militarist)
2. Australians (Merchant or Aesthete)
3. British (Merchant, or Aesthete)
4. Brazilians (Militarist or Agrarian)
5. Canadians (Aesthete or Merchant)
6. Chinese (Merchant or Builder)
7. French (Aesthete)
8. Germans (Expansionist, Scientist or Militarist)
9. Japanese (Merchant or Expansionist)
10. Soviets (Builder, Militarist or Scientist)
Runner ups/DLC Material: Indians, Italians, Turkish, South Koreans, Saudi Arabians, Nigerians, South Africans