-----1936-----
February 6 - The IV Olympic Winter Games opens in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
March 7 - In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Nazi Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.
April 19 - The Arab rebellion against the British government in Palestine and in opposition to Jewish immigration begins. It will last until 1939.
May 7 - Italy annexes Ethiopia.
June 7 - The General strike in France (May to June) is ended by the Matignon Agreements
July 18 - Spain's civil war begins when nationalist troops under the command of General Francisco Franco rise against the democratic republic.
August 1 - 1936 Summer Olympics open in Berlin, Germany, and mark the first live television coverage of a sports event in world history.
August 19 - Beginning of the first of the Moscow Trials
November 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1936: Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term in a landslide victory over Alf Landon.
November 26 - The Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Germany and Japan.
-----1937-----
April 26 - Spanish Civil War: Guernica, Spain is bombed. In his report of the Falangist attack on Guernica, British journalist George Steer reports that he had found German bomb casings, connecting Luftwaffe planes with the attack.
May 1 - General strike in Paris, France
May 12 - Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth takes place at Westminster Abbey, London.
May 28 - Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.
September 2 - The Great Hong Kong Typhoon of 1937 kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
December 13 - Battle of Nanjing ends and the Nanjing Massacre begins. Japanese troops would slaughter over 250,000 civilians and prisoners over three months.
-----1938-----
January 1 – new Constitution of Estonia enters into force.
March 12 - Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria; annexation declared the following day.
June 19 - Italy beat Hungary 4-2 to win the 1938 World Cup
July 28 - A revolt against the Ioannis Metaxas dictatorship is put down in Chania, Crete.
September 29 - Munich agreement of German, Italian, British and French leaders agrees to German demands regarding annexation of Sudetenland.
October 1 - German troops march into Sudetenland
November 9 - Holocaust: Kristallnacht begins - In Germany, the "night of broken glass" begins as Nazi troops and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses
-----1939-----
February 2 - Hungary joins Anti-Comintern Pact.
March - End of the Great Arab Revolt in the British mandate of Palestine (started 1936).
March 2 - Pope Pius XII (Cardinal Pacelli) succeeds Pope Pius XI as the 260th pope.
March 15 - German troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist
April 7 - Italy invades Albania - King Zog flees.
May 11 - Battle of Khalkhin Gol
May 22 - Germany and Italy sign the Pact of Steel.
August 23 - Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact: Hitler and Stalin agree to divide Europe between themselves
September 1 - WWII: Nazi Germany invades Poland
September 17 - Soviet Union invades Poland and then occupies eastern Polish territories.
November 30 - Winter War begins
-----1940-----
March 12 - Soviet Union and Finland sign a peace treaty in Moscow ending the Winter War.
April 9 - WWII: Germany invades Denmark and Norway in operation Weserübung.
May 10 - WWII: Battle of France begins - German forces invade Low Countries.
June 10 - WWII: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
June 17 - Soviet Army enters Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia.
June 21 - WWII: Vichy France and Germany sign armistice at Compiegne in the same wagon-lit railroad car used by Marshal Ferdinand Foch to accept the surrender of Germany in 1918.
July 3 - WWII: British naval units sink or seize ships of the French fleet anchored in the Algerian ports of Oran and Mers-el-Kebir. The following day, Vichy France breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain.
September 2 - WWII: Agreement between America and Great Britain announced. Fifty U.S. destroyers needed for escort work transferred to Great Britain. In return, America gains 99-year leases on British bases in the North Atlantic, West Indies and Bermuda.
September 7 - Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
September 27 - WWII: Germany, Italy and Japan sign Tripartite Pact.
October 28 - WWII: Italy invades Greece.
November 10 - Earthquake in Bucharest, Romania - 1,000 dead.
November 11 - WWII: Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
November 20 - WWII: Hungary, Romania and Slovakia join the Axis Powers.
-----1941-----
March 1 - WWII: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
March 11 - WWII: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
March 25 - WWII: Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Vienna joins the Axis powers
March 27 - WWII: Anti-Axis coup d'etat in Yugoslavia - Prince Paul exiled; 17-year-old King Peter II assumes power.
April 6 - WWII: Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece.
April 21 - WWII: Greece capitulates. Commonwealth troops and some elements of the Greek Army withdraw to Crete.
June 22 - WWII: Germany attacks the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa
July 14 - WWII: Vichy France signs armistice terms ending all fighting in Syria and Lebanon.
August 25 - WWII: Operation Countenance - United Kingdom and Soviet forces invade Iran.
December 7 - Japanese Navy launches a surprise attack consisting of two full regiments on the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor, thus drawing the United States into World War II.
December 11 - WWII: Germany declares war on the United States.
-----1942-----
August 19 - WWII: The Dieppe Raid
November 8 - WWII: Operation Torch - United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
November 10 - WWII: In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
-----1943-----
July 10 - WWII: The Allied invasion of Sicily
September 3 - WWII: Mainland Italy is invaded by Allied forces
-----1944-----
June 6 - WWII: Operation Overlord begins
August 1 - WWII: Warsaw Uprising begins.
August 2 - WWII: Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
August 15 - WWII: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France.
August 19 - (August 25) - WWII: Victorious insurrection in Paris.
August 23 - WWII: Ion Antonescu, prime minister of Romania, is arrested and a new government is established. Romania exits the war against Soviet Union joining the Allies.
September 19 - WWII: Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union signed.
October 12 - WWII: The Allies land at Athens.
October 18 - WWII: Volkssturm founded on Hitler's orders.
December 3 - WWII: Civil war breaks out in a newly-liberated Greece, between Communists and royalists.
December 31 - WWII: Hungary declares war on Germany.
-----1945-----
January 5 - Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland.
March 8 - Josip Broz Tito forms a government in Yugoslavia
May 5 - WWII: Prague uprising against the Nazis.