Every city will almost* always have one unhappy citizen for every unit of population it contains. This unhappiness is listed as overcrowding. The only way to get rid of it is to use slavery. You cannot get rid of it if you want your city to grow in size.
*A city containing the Globe Theatre will have no unhappiness.
Unless a city has the Globe Theatre, there's always going to be at least one citizen that's unhappy due to overcrowding. Unhappiness is only a problem if you have more than .To combat unhappiness, build theatres, temples, colosseums, obtain luxury resources. Markets, forges, and cathedrals will increase the effects of certain luxury resources. Certain civics have a bonus, as well.
I had a 10<12 ratio of happiness, and it took me about an hour to get 5 theaters. After I got my Globe theater, all the unhappy people went to watch plays
P.S How do you make the unhappy people your slaves? Wheres the option
In the city screen. It's the arrow just to the right of the build list that allows you to "rush build" (aka "whipping"). You sacrifice population to rush the build, thereby reducing the population of the city to achieve a happiness balance. (Bear in mind that whipping makes some of the population unhappy for a period, so doing it too much will have the counter effect.)
As you approach the happiness (or healthiness) limit for a city, you can alway tell the city manager to halt/slow growth. This is an option below the "rush" buttons in the build screen.
To stop the unhappiness due to overcrowding, stop growing your city (can be done by shuffling the tiles worked to yield a stagnant growth).
To reduce the unhappiness due to overcrowding, reduce the population in your city, through starvation, slavery, drafting, or losing the city to enemy forces followed by immediate recapture (if possible).
BONUS: One city in your empire can build the Globe Theatre and experience no unhappiness due to overcrowding (see Civilopedia for more details).
Thankfully, the other posters provided more useful information
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