I'm gonna try too.
INDUSTRIAL_ROUTE_PRODUCTION_MOD (50) = Production bonus given to cities connected to the capital via railroad (+50 %)
LAKE_MAX_AREA_SIZE (9) = Determines how large a lake can be (9 tiles)
POLICY_COST_DISCOUNT_MAX (-75) = Determines the cap as to how much policy costs can be reduced (-75 %). At the moment I can't come up with any way to decrease them more than 50%.
EMBARKED_NOT_CIVILIAN_COMBAT_STRENGTH (500) = i.e. Songhai's embarked units have a strength of 500. Maybe this value applies to embarked units capable of defending themselves.
PLOT_UNIT_LIMIT (1) = Sounds like this is the notorious 1UPT?
ZONE_OF_CONTROL_ENABLED (1) = Boolean value (1 = true). Determines whether moving next to an enemy unit uses more movement than normal.
CITY_CAPTURE_DAMAGE_PERCENT (50) = After the city has been capture, its health is set at 50% (10 hp/20 hp)
CITY_RANGED_ATTACK_STRENGTH_MULTIPLIER (50) = Percentage of the city's attack strength (i.e. a city with 50 attacks a unit as if it had 25 strength.)
GREAT_GENERALS_THRESHOLD (200) = The amount of experience required to spawn a Great General.
MIN_EXPERIENCE_PER_COMBAT (1) = Minimum experience gained in combat.
MAX_EXPERIENCE_PER_COMBAT (10) = Maximum experience gained in combat.
SCORE_FUTURE_TECH_MULTIPLIER (10) = Each future tech researched grants this many victory points.
BUY_PLOTS_DISABLED (0) = Determines whether purchasing land is disabled.
ALLOW_EXTENDED_PLAY (1) = Allows "One more turn..." option.
At least it's something.
INDUSTRIAL_ROUTE_PRODUCTION_MOD (50) = Production bonus given to cities connected to the capital via railroad (+50 %)
LAKE_MAX_AREA_SIZE (9) = Determines how large a lake can be (9 tiles)
POLICY_COST_DISCOUNT_MAX (-75) = Determines the cap as to how much policy costs can be reduced (-75 %). At the moment I can't come up with any way to decrease them more than 50%.
EMBARKED_NOT_CIVILIAN_COMBAT_STRENGTH (500) = i.e. Songhai's embarked units have a strength of 500. Maybe this value applies to embarked units capable of defending themselves.
PLOT_UNIT_LIMIT (1) = Sounds like this is the notorious 1UPT?
ZONE_OF_CONTROL_ENABLED (1) = Boolean value (1 = true). Determines whether moving next to an enemy unit uses more movement than normal.
CITY_CAPTURE_DAMAGE_PERCENT (50) = After the city has been capture, its health is set at 50% (10 hp/20 hp)
CITY_RANGED_ATTACK_STRENGTH_MULTIPLIER (50) = Percentage of the city's attack strength (i.e. a city with 50 attacks a unit as if it had 25 strength.)
GREAT_GENERALS_THRESHOLD (200) = The amount of experience required to spawn a Great General.
MIN_EXPERIENCE_PER_COMBAT (1) = Minimum experience gained in combat.
MAX_EXPERIENCE_PER_COMBAT (10) = Maximum experience gained in combat.
SCORE_FUTURE_TECH_MULTIPLIER (10) = Each future tech researched grants this many victory points.
BUY_PLOTS_DISABLED (0) = Determines whether purchasing land is disabled.
ALLOW_EXTENDED_PLAY (1) = Allows "One more turn..." option.
At least it's something.