Henry V’s Leadership Abilities
Henry V: Ideal, Christian Ruler, or cruel, Machiavellian Tyrant? For one to find out, they must first know what each type represents. An ideal, Christian ruler is the type all Christian rulers would follow. He is religious, virtuous, and humane. He recognizes the authority of the church, and also respects it. Shakespeare says Henry is an example: “They sell the pasture now, to buy the horse; Following the mirror of all Christian kings” (20). But being called a mirror could also mean that he is a contorted and twisted image of a Christian king, or a Machiavellian tyrant. A Machiavellian tyrant appears to be religious, virtuous, and humane, but when necessary, he will forgo this and do what he must. As Niccolò Machiavelli says, “He should pick the fox and the lion, because the lion does not defend itself from snares, and the fox does not defend itself from wolves. So one needs to be a fox to recognize snares and a lion to frighten the wolves” (69). He also asks, “Whether it is better to be loved than feared” (65). The following question is raised throughout the book: What kind of ruler is Henry? In Henry V, Henry is a Christian ruler at some places, a Machiavellian tyrant at others, and a combination at others.
Henry’s predominant trait is his skill as an ideal, Christian ruler. One trait of a Christian ruler is self-constraint. Henry shows this when he becomes king. Before his rule, he was a wild, unruly child who would fool around and go out drinking with his friends Bardolph, Pistol, and Nym. But when he becomes king, his habits change, and he rules like a true leader. But the Dauphin believes that Henry is still a youth, first by sending him tennis balls, then by saying this quotation: “Her (England’s) scepter so fantastically borne, by a vain, giddy, shallow, humorous youth, that fear attends her not” (38).
Another trait that Henry shows is that of a Machiavellian tyrant. A Machiavellian tyrant is a cruel ruler who appears to have traits similar to the Christian ruler, but has the ability to and will disregard these traits. The best example is in Act 3, Scene 3, during the siege of Harfleur. He is explaining to the Governor what will happen to the town if he doesn’t surrender. Henry says, “If not- why, in a moment look to see the blind and bloody soldier with foul hand defile the locks of your shrill-shrieking daughters; You fathers taken by the silver beards, and their most reverend heads dashed to the walls; Your naked infants spitted upon pikes, Whiles the mad mothers with their howls confused Do break the clouds, as did the wives of Jewry at Herod’s bloody-hunting slaughtermen” (52). This shows the inhumanity of the Machiavellian ruler.
Although displaying one trait in the before said occurrences, he also can be a combination of both a Christian ruler and a Machiavellian tyrant. An example of his split leadership is in Act 2, Scene 2. He first acts as a Christian Ruler when talking with Cambridge, Scroop, and Grey. He asks them what the punishment should be for a drunkard who insulted Henry the day before. The three conspirators say that he should have a harsh punishment, but Henry disagreed. He says, “We judge no less. Uncle of Exeter, enlarge the man committed yesterday that railed against our person. We consider it was excess of wine that set him on, and on his more advice, we pardon him” (29). But immediately after, he springs the trap he was setting up, by handing the sentences of their own death to the assassins. He has the cunning of a fox, and the strength of a lion by having the executed for their crimes.
Henry, ruler of England towards the end of the Hundred Year’s War, shows traits of both a Christian ruler and a Machiavellian tyrant. His dominant trait is that of a Christian, but if necessary, he must throw that away, and rule with cruelty and harshness.