Nice to see other people are confused about the unit maintenance as well.
Also thank you very much for the people who have done some math and testing. Now I've got at least some idea what to take into account when releasing my diplomacy in force.
In Civ IV I usually had a very weak army until someone gave me trouble and from there on I'd have a strong army to the end of the game.
In Civ V the unit maintenance seems to take the strategy more to the lines of "I can't keep an army if I really, really don't need it". War is expensive and armies are cut down after the war only to be built up again when need arises. Calculating what the approriate size for peace time "defense force" is very hard. (that is a constant debate in real politics at least in my country. For some reason no one asks the price of military when the huge tank army from next door gathers along the borders

)
At first I thought the maintenance cost was rediculously high in Civ V, but now I'm leaning towards acceptance. I find myself making calulations such as
"in 5 turns my gpt is going to be around -25, I've only 320 gold. I estimate my attack to last for 14 turns give or take 2 turns. It seems have sell some resources to that cheeky Catherine to make sure I don't go bankrupt mid-war.".
It is actually refreshing to start learning a new way to handle military aspects of the game.
The maintenance cost should be more transparent though.