I think this is the central point- carriers should be the most important naval unit in the modern age, but instead they're arguably the least important (when compared to destroyers/stealth destroyers, which can find subs and blockade, and missile cruisers, which can carry missiles and have high brute strength). The sad relegation of air power in civ naval battles to an auxiliary function means that modern civ naval battles are a lot like WW1-era real life battles- tons of ships slugging it out at close range. Aircraft, sometimes carrier-based, undoubtedly play a part, but due to the small capacity of carriers and the inability of fighters to deal lethal damage, they're not the primary damage-dealer, as they should be.
Undoubtedly, the carrier unit in itself should not have high strength; 16 for the carrier and perhaps 18-20 for a supercarrier would suffice. But a supercarrier's speed should be around 8, and it should gain recon bonuses and first strikes based on the number of aircraft aboard. That's the way it works in real life; and my maxim is, unless it presents a very serious game balance problem or unnecessarily complicates the game, civ should be fairly realistic. Since this change would just adjust the balances, not destroy them, and it's hardly very complicated, no one seems to have anything to lose in including it.