I think that sometimes it simply makes more sense. For example, Dwarves could go further on mining techs (gaining greater bonuses, but not for free), and Númenor could have more naval and exploration techs. Some techs don't make sense at all for some civs - like Council of Wises for the shadow. Civs like Númenor would have way too many ships for a single tech, and having a lot of naval techs that do nothing for anyone but they could research would simply mess the AI.
I don't have any problem with a civ-specific tech, my point was that it is unnecessary to have two variants on the same tech, one for good, one for evil, with the only reason to split them being that it would enable some evil/good things (especially when there can be a neutrally named tech that can do either depending on alignment). It also provides problems if civs fall from grace (good to evil), which would cause them to have to research some techs again, to get the evil equivalent of what they could allready do when they were still good (I would argue that the turning to evil allowed them to use the same tech in an evil way, whereas they used it for good before. Other arguments can be made as well though. It would also cause unnecessary clutter on the techtree.
However having techs that can only be researched by specific civs will give a lot of uniques to those civs and will enhance replay value, so I'm in favor of those.
I hope this rambling makes sense, I wanted to try to clear up my position, but I might have made it a bit harder to understand in the progress
For Council of Wises or whatever we could diversify it into just Councils, and could allow some evil-versioned council civic (in the vein of Undercouncil, but not necessarily a UN-type thing) to Evil people.
I suppose that would work.
I like Elda King's ideas for civ-specific techs. So Dwarves (and quite possibly Noldor) would get mining stuff, Numenor and the Teleri get ship stuff (likely different ship stuff, but it might be interesting if they got just a separate Seafaring branch with the same basic stuff), um... Sindar get forest bonus stuff, Rohan gets horsemanship stuff... what about Arnor and Gondor and the rest of the Men?
I agree, though we don't need a civ-specific tech for everyone (and some civs might get more then one)
For the Age of Stars, we may have to just overlook that (like plain Civ4 does on a normal random map game). We could do an RFC thing where all men civs appear later than everybody else, but that doesn't seem like it would be easy pull off in a balanced way.
I agree, though for scenarios we might/will come back to this idea.
On second thought, splitting it is an interesting idea. It would represent a civ's choice of official script (once you research one you can't get the other), and each would have different bonuses attached. Hmm, that might be really interesting.
Splitting might work and will add a new element to the game (for example: techtrading only enabled for civs with the same writing-tech, have a wonder that enables a civ to communicate as if it had both techs, etc.), but will require a lot of discussion and balancing. If we are going this way, we should open a discussion thread for this specifically. We should also consider putting this of untill a later release.