The Emperor Masters' Challenge 3 (on Warlords)

I don't know how to post screen shots :blush: ... but here is the savegame for 1665 so you can look at the situation in detail. All the other continent was running Mercantilism and so I had to change from Theocracy to Free Religion to get Mehmet and Ghandi to use Free Market. That increased total beakers and gold income by about 100 per turn, but also weakens the drafted riflemen who only get 1 exp and the Trebuchets who only get 3 exp and hence CR1.

Playing on from this position Bribracte was captured in 1700 but my progress in the west was stalled due to a large number of defenders in Gergovia.
 
One of the benefits with going with Chemistry and avoiding rifling is that you can continue to make macemen. Macemen can be promoted with CR3 out of the box and then upgraded to grenadiers. The AI tends to head straight to rifling and grenadiers are the riflemans counter. This has worked great for me until calvery come out in force and even then I dont research rifling until I'm ready to start making infantrymen. Just a thought.
 
UncleJJ said:
All the other continent was running Mercantilism and so I had to change from Theocracy to Free Religion to get Mehmet and Ghandi to use Free Market. That increased total beakers and gold income by about 100 per turn, but also weakens the drafted riflemen who only get 1 exp and the Trebuchets who only get 3 exp and hence CR1.

That's weird. Gandhi running Mercantilism? Doesn't he have Economics?

I think our separate versions have really taken a different course. I'll take a look at the save now.

EDIT: Took a look at your save. There are certainly differences, but also some surprising similarities. By the way, which techs did you research and which did you trade for?
 
BlazinAxeman said:
One of the benefits with going with Chemistry and avoiding rifling is that you can continue to make macemen. Macemen can be promoted with CR3 out of the box and then upgraded to grenadiers. The AI tends to head straight to rifling and grenadiers are the riflemans counter. This has worked great for me until calvery come out in force and even then I dont research rifling until I'm ready to start making infantrymen. Just a thought.

You're right. But I'll elaborate on this point you made with regards to the game during the update.
 
aelf said:
That's weird. Gandhi running Mercantilism? Doesn't he have Economics?

I think our separate versions have really taken a different course. I'll take a look at the save now.

EDIT: Took a look at your save. There are certainly differences, but also some surprising similarities. By the way, which techs did you research and which did you trade for?

As I remember, I popped the GS on PP and then simply researched Replaceable Parts and Rifling. That research was boosted slightly by building wealth to keep the slider high.

I have a save game in 1625 where 6 riflemen have been drafted and 3 more can be... so I guess Rifling was finished 3 turns (about 1610) before as I changed civics as soon as possible. At that time I had open borders with all civs except Stalin and Saladin (no chance ;)) and they were all running Mercantilism. To be honest I was playing the game quickly and not paying particular attention to the trade situation as I wanted to get to the action with a bundle of riflemen :ar15: I am sure the research and trading could have been done a lot better than in my version.

I traded Astronomy to Gandi for Economics and then sold Economics to Shaka and Mehmet next turn and then bribed Memhet with 450 gold and Ghandi 300 gold to change civics. Shake would not be bribed... but Stalin gave me open borders for several turns and was still running Decentralisation so I got a temporary boost from him. At some stage before 1665 I acquired Corporation from Ghandi but I forget when and what I traded for it probably Rifling.

Overall I found the reliance on trade with other civs to be frustrating at this stage of the game. Foreign trade accounted for about 100 beakers per turn (without Bureaucracy since I ran Nationhood) but cost me a lot of beakers and gold in bribes and one sided trades. However, I liked the drafting and think that is a powerful strategy in this situation.
 
Round 10: 1540AD - 1665AD

In this round, we had to make another difficult decision regarding research. Do we research Chemistry now for military purposes and obsolete the ToA? Or do we research towards Rifling so as not to obsolete the ToA, leaving us vulnerable in the meantime and at the risk of not being able to counter a hostile rifle army from Stalin? Do we research Scientific Method in the hopes of winning the Physics race, obsoleting the Great Library? Or do we leave that tech alone for now and concede the free GS to Stalin?

It was a tough decision. The focus on trade routes called for delaying Chemistry. But I felt that we could be in real danger if we did so. Chemistry enables grenadiers and frigates, our best bet if Stalin decides to to attack. We could also use them against Brennus and Saladin. And Scientific Method? The Great Library has been a valuable asset, but conceding the free GS to Stalin would help him maintain his relative tech lead. Also, we had come to the stage where the GS starts to lose value (due to increasing amount of beakers per turn from normal research). Obsoleting the Great Library sooner may help us generate one or two GEs later on, which we could use to hurry some handy wonders (eg. Pentagon for domination or Space Elevator for space race). If we win the Physics race, we'd get a free GS anyway.

So it was going to be Chemistry and then Scientific Method (for which we'd get a discount after Chemistry). Still, we could use the increased commerce from Printing Press, so I traded for it:

Emperor3b-175.jpg


That also put us one more step towards Rifling.

I tried to trade Astronomy to Mehmed as well, but darn WFYABTA kicked in again. So, unable to get DR, I thought why not make Mehmed work for our tech:

Emperor3b-176.jpg


That would create some trouble on the other continent.

I also made a deal with Brennus for the duration of the peace:

Emperor3b-177.jpg


We could use the extra trade routes and health in the meantime.

Then, I made the civics switch that I had been considering:

Emperor3b-178.jpg


Representation would give us extra beakers and more than make up for the research lost with the end of the Great Library's career. Free Religion would also give more beakers, as well as improve relations with the other continent for our security and more open borders.

Our research on Chemistry was soon near completion. A last look at our ToA-influenced trade routes in Washington:

Emperor3b-179.jpg


The capital had an extra trade route from its castle, by the way. And a look at them post-Chemistry:

Emperor3b-180.jpg


15C per turn lost :( So the ToA's effects are actually quite significant mid-game.

On the next turn, I realised that Saladin had become Brennus' vassal. Declaring war on him would mean declaring war on Brennus as well. Our forces were ready and were only waiting for the expiry of the peace treaty. Rather than give Brennus a few more turns to prepare, I decided to declare war on the vassal immediately:

Emperor3b-181.jpg


Our forces headed for Vienne right away:

Emperor3b-182.jpg


While this was happening, I noticed that Mehmed had lost his capital to Shaka :eek: Our friend could use some help. But we couldn't just give him Chemistry. We had to trade it to Gandhi first, so that we could at least get something out of it. Hence, I made a deal:

Emperor3b-183.jpg


And then I gave it to Mehmed for free. The fellow was ungrateful enough to demand Scientific Method from us a few turns later :mad: No way, buddy. You certainly deserve the trashing you were getting. I think there should be a check to stop AIs from demanding techs from you soon after you gift one to them.

Anyway, on the home front, Vienne fell quickly:

Emperor3b-184.jpg


Unfortunately, it didn't have the Jewish shrine. What have you been doing, Brennus?! :rolleyes:

[to be continued in the next post...]
 
LOL I think I see an exploit, You can't declare war on an AI within 10 turns where you'd made a peace treaty so you declare war on their Vassal and you end up declaring on the AI within the 10 turns of the Peace treaty.

I could Extort Techs from an AI and then to continue the War I'd just Declare on their Vassal with the Peace Treaty Preventing me from continuing the war.
 
I think this might be a special case rather than an exploit. Saladin became the Vassal of Brennus after the peace treaty was made. If he had been a vassal before the peace then he would also have been at war and so affected by his master's peace treaty. So it is only useful as an exploit in those cases and they will probably only happen once or twice per game.
 
UncleJJ said:
I think this might be a special case rather than an exploit. Saladin became the Vassal of Brennus after the peace treaty was made. If he had been a vassal before the peace then he would also have been at war and so affected by his master's peace treaty. So it is only useful as an exploit in those cases and they will probably only happen once or twice per game.

this "exploit" is impossible after the patch, if I understand well the changes
 
aelf said:
I think there should be a check to stop AIs from demanding techs from you soon after you gift one to them.

I think the AI should only ask for something they would be willing to give to you if the roles were reversed. Or they should at least be within 10 or 20% of being willing to accept the same offer. If I knew how to implement that change myself, I'd do it today. Most of the demands/requests the AI makes are just ridiculous.
 
[continued from previous post]

Sorry for the delay, guys. I had to divert my attention to dinner :p Anyway, if you notice, we were researching Scientific Method the slow way instead of lightbulbing it. We could lightbulb Physics with our GS after that, and I figured it was better to see after getting Scientific Method whether Stalin had won the Physics race before we burn the GS.

Back to the war situation. This time, Brennus fought back as well, sending a stack of a few knights, maces and trebuchets at Verlamion. This was where having grenadiers really helped. Two of them ensured the trebuchets' attacks were repelled and the stack destroyed. They also dispatched the occassional unit that came to pillage after that. On the main theatre, grenadiers upgraded from our own maces destroyed the few Celtic musketmen that threatened our new possessions.

The Celtic capital soon joined these:

Emperor3b-185.jpg


And then I watched one of the most desperate AI actions ever. I put a knight and a pike (all the troops with moves left that I could muster) in the city to join the maceman that captured it as temporary defense. Good thing I did that. As soon as he lost his capital, Brennus threw whatever troops were within reach at it, which IIRC amounted to 2 pikes and 2 longbowmen. Our mace killed a pikeman, our own pike killed the other, while our knight killed a longbow before dying to the other. I was starting to get worried that we might lose our valuable CR3 maceman in the city. The wave hadn't quite ended, but fortunately the few other Celtic units couldn't reach the city in time and were destroyed on the following turn.

By the way, after getting Scientific Method, it turned out that Stalin had indeed won the Physics race :( So much for trading the Great Library for the free GS. I thought he might go for Communism first, knowing that he likes State Property. Well, for now his tech lead was getting bigger. We only had Liberalism on him.

Since there's no point rushing to Physics now, I decided to research Replacable Parts next. It would put us another step closer to Rifling and would allow us to increase our low hammer yields by building lumber and watermills. I also wanted to see if we could trade that tech (instead of the more expensive Scientific Method) to Gandhi for Economics (which we needed for Free Market, an apt civic to run given our focus on trade).

Anyway, Brennus still refused to talk, so we marched on another city of his:

Emperor3b-186.jpg


And got another GG soon after:

Emperor3b-187.jpg


I think the two of them could head to Bibracte soon, our proposed HE city.

Meanwhile, tech-wise, we had discovered Replacable parts. Now I wasn't sure what to research next. I opened the trade screen to see if we could trade for Economics first. It turned out that Gandhi just got Replacable Parts too, so once again we only had Scientific Method to trade to him for Economics. And, worse, he didn't even have gold to make up for it. So, I decided we would research Economics ourselves next. It would only take 4 turns anyway.

Brennus still wasn't ready to talk. War weariness was beginning to weigh heavily on our cities. I had to whip quite a few times by now and raise the culture slider. Our research was only kept afloat by plunder money, which, admittedly, was quite a tidy sum. Well, I hoped Brennus would talk in a few turns. In the meantime, I turned part of our stack east to capture an Arabian ice burg:

Emperor3b-188.jpg


I decided to keep the city, since there's a high chance some AI would plant a city there just for the whale if I razed it.

By now, Saladin had renounced his vassal status. He was willing to talk, so I signed peace with him to reduce WW in our empire. Brennus, though, was still a stubborn little mule :mad: What's up with him? Do we have to destroy him completely before there can be peace? It's not like he could do more than send a few units to die anyway. Could it have something to do with the fact that we broke the peace treaty with him by declaring war on his vassal? Argghhh!!!

Anyway, we just discovered Economics, so I decided to stop playing here. We can make another civics switch now:

Emperor3b-189.jpg


It would take 2 turns of anarchy to switch both civics, though. I was thinking of switching only to Free Market first. Bureaucracy still has its uses anyway. What do you think?

And we could now make a better trade with Gandhi:

Emperor3b-190.jpg


The thing is Corporation would obsolete the Great Lighthouse and give only 1 extra trade route per city in return. Good for our non-coastal cities, but bad for the coastal ones and, most importantly, our capital. What do you think of the deal?

Speaking of our capital, here's a look at its trade routes now:

Emperor3b-191.jpg


Following a series of resource trades, Stalin had agreed to open borders, and now we're close to the situation before the ToA was made obsolete.

And here's a look at the tech situation:

Emperor3b-192.jpg


We only have Scientific Method on Gandhi. The rest are well behind, with Mehmed coming after us.

This is the power graph:

Emperor3b-193.jpg


We upgraded some maces and built several grenadiers, so our power rating did rise. Stalin, however, has made much bigger progress in this respect. I don't believe he has infantry yet (strangely, he didn't even have MT and therefore didn't build his UU), so he must be stocking up on those rifles. The good news is we are no longer his worst enemy. The bad news is now Mehmed is his worst enemy and vice versa, so we got -4 for trading with worst enemy from both sides. Shaka also didn't like our trading with Mehmed.

Our continent to date:

Emperor3b-194.jpg


Yes, yes, we need to spam more Christian missionaries for the sake of our unevangelical shrine :p There has just been so many buildings and units to build so far.

And the other continent:

Emperor3b-195.jpg


This map is up to date. I just paid Gandhi 10 gold for it. As you can see, Mehmed lost half his empire and got pillaged back to the stone age. Was it a mistake to instigate the war? Maybe. But UncleJJ's save showed me that the war and its result might be inevitable.

The good news is now that Shaka controls a significant amount of territory, if we do decide to go for domination, conquering his lands may be enough. In that situation, we could switch to State Property to keep Stalin happy and maybe bribe him to focus his attention on Gandhi. We might just be able to get domination without having to fight him.

For now, though, should we go on and conquer the rest of Celtia? I reckon we only need to build a few more trebs to do so. Or do we sit it out and wait for Brennus to be more reasonable? WW is really a pain now. And what techs should we go for next? Tell me your thoughts.

PS: I haven't settled our two GGs, in case you're wondering. They are still on the way. You can still object to settling them in Bibracte, if you wish.
 
Another good round.:) You did better militarily than I managed by 1665 but that was largely due to you declaring war on Saladin, and hence brought Brennus back into the conflict. My army sat around while I researched :blush: and then I only declared on Brennus in 1635.

Reflecting on your game and my version of it, I'd say that combining your military and diplomatic strategy (continuing the war against Brennus) with my research and production stategy (Rifling and drafting riflemen) would have given the best outcome. Imagine in your game if you'd had access to riflemen in 1615 (say) it would have given a very strong position against Brennus and allow you to take out Saladin as well.
 
UncleJJ said:
Reflecting on your game and my version of it, I'd say that combining your military and diplomatic strategy (continuing the war against Brennus) with my research and production stategy (Rifling and drafting riflemen) would have given the best outcome. Imagine in your game if you'd had access to riflemen in 1615 (say) it would have given a very strong position against Brennus and allow you to take out Saladin as well.

Hmm... But how much difference would it have made compared to having grenadiers instead? Also, you are assuming we switch to Nationalism and draft these rifles, which carry certain opportunity costs, especially in the light of heavy WW. Would you add 3 unhappiness from drafting to that?
 
aelf said:
Hmm... But how much difference would it have made compared to having grenadiers instead? Also, you are assuming we switch to Nationalism and draft these rifles, which carry certain opportunity costs, especially in the light of heavy WW. Would you add 3 unhappiness from drafting to that?
I was assuming drafting some of the riflemen. But also upgrading the 4 or 5 macemen and axemen you had with CR3. Riflemen are slightly better than grenadiers against longbows and pikemen defenders since they have a higher strength and neither of the special abilities help.

Happiness can be managed while drafting in several ways. Nationhood gives +2 for a barracks, so that essentially gives one draftee in each city per 10 turns for free. Also if you combine drafting and slavery, you could build a trebuchet and whip it for 2 pop and then draft a rifleman. You get 2 units for -4 happiness for 10 turns but the pop has been reduced by 3 (and other pop related unhappiness such as WW and Motherland is also reduced). If you hold the pop using specialists there is no net unhappiness.

Also note that you have several cities well below the happiness cap e.g. Verlamion where 2 or 3 rifles could be drafted before a problem arises.

Another way to do it; if you made peace with Brennus for 10 turns that is long enough to draft one rifle from all your cities and then once the -3 had worn off start the war again. Used intelligently, drafting can substantially increase the army at little or no happiness cost but it would be wise to prepare your cities for it. It has to be part of a long term drafting strategy to be most effective and that strategy has to start earlier in the game.
 
I understand. I have used drafting to good effect in several games, including the last EMC. But it goes beyond that here. When I whipped in this round, I whipped to get rid of unhappy population. Unfortunately, you can't draft away unhappy population :mischief: That is the problem. You have to draft in a perfectly happy city, which reduces the number of working population you have while adding more unhappiness than whip rushing and only compounding the effects of mounting WW (which isn't static, by the way). Hence, you can only draft much before the war begins, which means several extra riflemen and an already lower population level across the empire.

I don't know if you get what I mean. But you can try comparing the results, your version at 1665 with the 'official' one. IIRC, you (already) have a lower population level while your territorial gains have not matched the other version's. In terms of power rating, you are doing better, but that can also be achieved by all the major cities building riflemen for several rounds after Rifling has been discovered in the other version. So, essentially, I don't see what real benefit drafting riflemen would've given us, besides not making ToA obsolete assuming we skip Chemistry for now (which may pose a security risk). In fact, as I've tried to explain, I think we would even be slightly worse off.

I don't know if this can be construed as an assessment of offensive drafting as a concept. I'm quite convinced that it can work very well. Just not in this particular situation, I guess.
 
If you've got the units just keep on fighting. If he's not talking, he's not talking, so what other option is there? The sooner you have to continent to yourself the sooner you can start working towards overseas expansion.

Keep up some sort of defense down near our big assests in the south, in case Shaka or Stalin decides to perform a sneak attack. My money would be on Shaka doing it, if it happens.
 
keep the other guys fighting, it distracts them from coming after you and if you declare war to, you get the diplomatic bonus with out doing much
 
aelf said:
I understand. I have used drafting to good effect in several games, including the last EMC. But it goes beyond that here. When I whipped in this round, I whipped to get rid of unhappy population. Unfortunately, you can't draft away unhappy population :mischief: That is the problem. You have to draft in a perfectly happy city, which reduces the number of working population you have while adding more unhappiness than whip rushing and only compounding the effects of mounting WW (which isn't static, by the way). Hence, you can only draft much before the war begins, which means several extra riflemen and an already lower population level across the empire.
As I said above, if we had genuinely considered a drafting strategy we should have started making preparations much earlier in the game, say aound 1000 AD. There is no need to draft from your biggest and best cities, a draftee is just as good out of a size 6 small city with 3 grassland farms as it is out of Washington. You have 4 small cities (Verlamion, Tolosa, Durnovaria and Khursan) that could become excellent draft cities giving 3 rifles and then 1 per 10 turns. They would need more farms and I should have done that in my game :blush: ... but it is easy to be wise after the event :rolleyes:

I don't know if you get what I mean. But you can try comparing the results, your version at 1665 with the 'official' one. IIRC, you (already) have a lower population level while your territorial gains have not matched the other version's. In terms of power rating, you are doing better, but that can also be achieved by all the major cities building riflemen for several rounds after Rifling has been discovered in the other version. So, essentially, I don't see what real benefit drafting riflemen would've given us, besides not making ToA obsolete assuming we skip Chemistry for now (which may pose a security risk). In fact, as I've tried to explain, I think we would even be slightly worse off.
I understand what you mean :). As I said in a previous post I was playing quickly and ignoring many of the things I would normally attend to, like trade routes and efficient management of cities. I lost a lot of commerce and hammers getting to point where I could draft. Plus I did not attack until 1635, whereas you attacked in 1580 stealing a march on my game :cool: So the two games aren't very easy for me to compare on a fair basis. The solution to that would be for me or you to go back and replay properly from 1540 with the Rifling strategy and your attack strategy (using maces and trebuchets). I'm not sure if it's worth our while but let's at least acknowledge that is what is required for a proper comparison :D

Even without a replay I can see the huge potential of the draft strategy. You have 6 grenadiers in 1665, while I have 20 riflemen. Looking at the power curve I'd say you are about 40% of Stalin's power while my power is about 60%, which is a significant difference. Plus most of my cities are ready for another round of drafting in 2 or 3 turns.

Let's consider a little theory that underpins my thoughts on drafting. We are essentially comparing the power of 2 civics and what they can add to the game. In your game you used Bureaucracy and normal production and slavery to raise grenadiers and trebuchets. In my game I used Nationhood to draft rifles and normal production and slavery to raise trebuchets.

So what did Bureacracy give you? In 1665 Washington gained 40 commerce and 8 hammers from the civic at a cost of 12 gold/ turn. Meanwhile in my game I was able to draft riflemen worth 110 hammers for 1 pop. Normally 1 pop would give 37 hammers using slavery and a forge. So drafting a rifleman effectively saves 110 - 37 = 73 hammers. At a maximum of 3 riflemen per turn that means Nationhood can give 219 hammers per turn... which is worth much more than Bureacracy. Of course that can't be continued for long due to happiness limitations but even in the longer term if you have 10 cities you can draft an average of 1 rifleman per turn for a gain of 73 hammers per turn. And Nationhood costs zero civic upkeep.

Now let's examine the ToA. What is the cost of losing it by researching Chemistry? It gives about 16 extra commerce from trade routes. The free priest gives 1 hammer, 1 gold and 3 beakers and in Washington 6 GPPs. What is a GPP worth? Well our GS can be lightbulbed for 1700 beakers and the next one will take 900 GPPs, so 2 beakers per GPP is a fair estimate at this stage of the game.

Keeping the ToA goes a long way to towards compensating for the loss of beakers from running Nationhood instead of Bureaucracy. The injection of between 200 (initially) and 70 (long term) hammers from Nationhood is a huge increase in military potential. The art of drafting is to manage the unhappiness and to provide the food the small cities need to create an overwhelming army.

I don't know if this can be construed as an assessment of offensive drafting as a concept. I'm quite convinced that it can work very well. Just not in this particular situation, I guess.

I think this situation is a strong candidate for the drafting strategy. We have have an opponent who can't resist drafted riflemen. We have a food poor continent that makes normal production and slavery a slow way to create an equivalent army. So I beg to differ ;)

EDIT: corrected spelling
 
UncleJJ said:
I think this situation is a strong candidate for the drafting strategy. We have have an opponent who can't resist drafted riflemen. We have a food poor continent that makes normal production and slavery a slow way to create an equivalent army. So I beg to differ ;)

I think this situation is not so apt for drafting because we already have a sizeable standing army that we can use for the war. Thus, there's no great need to draft extra troops, making the exercise a little superfluous for now. Also, you suggested drafting from the smaller cities as a solution to issues of happiness. Let's say you draft 1 rifleman each from these cities every 10 turns. That gives an extra 4-5 riflemen every 10 turns. I think our major cities can build 4-5 riflemen in a shorter time. Therefore, I still maintain that aside from the power rating (but remember that in reality riflemen don't counter other riflemen as effectively as grenadiers) and not making ToA obsolete, the beeline to Rifling and drafting strategy doesn't really offer anything extra (by the way, I believe you drafted in almost every city to get those 20 riflemen). I don't think we lost out on much :)

Anyway, we can still draft later if we see the need to.

illram, I don't think Shaka will be the one attacking us. He has probably spent his army on the war with Mehmed. Stalin, however, hasn't released the flood gates yet. He may choose to do so on either Gandhi or us soon.
 
Thanks aelf for the discussion on the drafting strategy :) I accept that you made your decision and the game is proceeding according to your way. It was very useful for me to clarify my own thoughts on drafting which I now understand much better. This game has convinced me of its power and shown me ways to maximise the benefits from Nationhood, a civic I had seldom used. So thanks again.

---------------{------------}---------------

Back to the actual game ;) You are doing very well against Brennus and he and Saladin can easily be defeated and you can get all their resources under your control. You have lots of options and several problems.

The problem is that several civs on the other continent are much more powerful than you. Shaka and Stalin don't like you much and they are both currently at least double your power. It would be good to send a caravel and an explorer to keep an eye on what they are doing. The explorer is non threatening a missionary might cause them to close the open borders. Stalin in particular is annoyed with you and apart from selling him Liberalism at a knock down price you have no way to influence him. If you had an explorer on their continent he could inform you better of their economies... for instance, it seems Stalin is running a SE you can trade Liberalism to him without helping him much (except he doesn't have to research it).

To gain favour with Stalin you might consider researching Communism and adopting State Property. That together with Biology would significantly improve productivity (food and hammers) from many of your cities.

Research Options: I don't see what we gain from Rifling :mischief: too late you've missed that boat :p Let's look at your options and their benefits.

Biology: will help your cities with farms so much ... food = power, growth and is yummy yummy.
Communism: will allow State Property and that makes Stalin a happy chappy, and eliminates city maintenance for distance (currently 48 gold) plus better workshops. It also allows Spies... all is good.
Steel: we have grenadiers, why do we need rifles now? Cannons will significantly improve our capability over trebuchets and catapults. Drydocks = bigger and better fleet.
Steam Power: Reveals coal and (with Steel) allows ironclads = frigates go home
Railroad: So powerful strategically. Basically total dominance of your own continent through fast movement plus increased production.
 
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