Which LITTLE nation is squashed in?
I regret to leave Mayas, Incas, Duth, Persians, Macedonians, Hebrews and Vikings out, but with 19 only, I had to go for the most world history influencers...
EDIT: More something to say:
Europe and Asia wet south had 82% of world population in 1500, 62% in 1950.
Through history, Europe and India to China region always had a majority of human population, at least from 4000BC. Most Civilizations came from this area, not surprisingly... Most human history is from this region. Americas, Africa, northern frizing Asia and central Arid Asia, and Australia had a much lesser impact in world history. This is not discussable, IMHO.
Thus, this territories, basically the territory of the 3 most important Civilizations in history till now, as I pointed out in my 19-list (CHINA; INDIA; ROME), is the natural birth of most technologies, armies, human leaders,... till today. Like it or not, I think we should all agree on this.
About the little nations... I don't know which are you referring too. Ok, I guess you are referring to the European ones. But if you go to a enciclopedia, you may see that not only our "little" nations produced more leaders, techs, armies, deaths (sad but true) or gold than all American tribes together. England owned 25% of world pop during it's GA. England and Spanish had empires so big, that englobed most of Earth meridianes. All of them (Eng, Spa, Port) had Japan, China, India and South Africa on their knees during its GA (a thing that today's US can't be proud of, at least about China). Lisbon, Madrid and London rulled the world, literally. If the king of Kenya disobeyed D. Manuel II, carracks would bombard it's cities and end the play. All these empires owned a City in China for trade during it's GA (Macau or Hong Kong). Same thing happened in India. And in South America. And massivelly in the backwards Africa.
Compared to these the mighty Persia (knocked down by a single general in 330'sBC) is laughable. Turkey, Libanon, Syria, northern Egypt, Israel, Jordania, Iraq, Iran, northern South Arabia, bits of Afghanistan and Pakistan. All conquered by Alexander. Compared to the world wide Eng/Spa/Port empires, well,...
Besides, till that time I doubt that China hadn't reached a bigger size (you said it was the bigger till that time).
France and Germany are "optional", but will be in for the same reason of America. You could replace Germany for Dutch and France for Inca if you would like, but for comercial reasons, I keep my list.
Mayas, come on... What is that Yucatan peninsula? What have they discovered? Who have they conquered? Which leader have they given to the world? Why do you want them there?