Album Artwork

HR Giger created a few album covers:

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Or maybe he just licensed a few of his works to be used as such (?)
 
The cover of Brain Salad Surgery was based on a work that H.R. Giger just completed when he met Keith Emerson. H.R. Giger created two variations of the work for Emerson, Lake and Palmer, including creating the band's logo. The final artwork had to be censored by another artist because the record company rejected the artwork as pornographic, that's why the lower part of the lens in the centre of the artwork is blurred.
 
I've noticed a trend in pop music increasingly the past decade of people using childhood pictures, like high school parties, for their album and single covers.
 
Book covers are very different. They're supposed to accurately represent the content of the book (there was a great deal of fuss over Tess of the Road featuring a dragon on the cover while there was no real dragon in the story), to clearly show the title of the book, to clearly show the name of the author. The last two in some (or maybe most) cases become part of the brand identification (see most YA fantasy series, for a more classical case, see Enid Blyton's distinctive signature she insisted on having on her book jackets).

Books across the same genre tend to have very similar elements so that you can tell at a glance what sort of book it is: cozy murder mysteries*, chick-lit, penny dreadfuls, action thrillers, whimsy light-hearted, horror, high fantasy etc.

Elements of book design are generally more identifiable compared to album artwork. To my mind, the former is more comparable with 'straight' fine art; looking at a classical painting you can recognise each element, correlate it to a real-world entity or concept or approximate to it, there is no overbearing pretension of mystery, information is present straightforwardly (though the meaning may remain obscured). The album cover scene is more chaotic; anything goes, what matters is the vibes you get across.

That said, there still must be something that makes an album cover 'good'. After all, artists and labels don't just pick anything to be on their cover.

*This wasn't always the case with murder mysteries. Some of the earlier covers for Agatha's Christie's books were downright creepy, and as a child I put off reading them because I thought they would be darker compared to the other of her books which had cheerier, cozier covers.
 


Simple. Intriguing without too much obnoxious glitz. Evocative. Are these two together? Are they enjoying themselves.

If I didn't know who "The Smiths" are/were I would probably buy this album to find out. Assuming we're talking about a period of time before the internet and celle phones.
 
I've been trying to understand what makes a 'good' album cover: what art/design rules does it follow or/and what makes an album cover popular?

For the first question I can't find any answer. A look on Canva discovers some very good designs, and you can see all of them follow some sort of compositional rules (e.g. text contrast with imagery), but most album artwork is so widely different from one another that there doesn't seem to be any one uniting theme.

For the second question, it seems that the popularity or iconicness of an album cover is heavily dependent on the popularity of the album and the band. I don't think the Beatles could have gotten away with their plain white album cover for The Beatles (1968) had they been a small-time band.

I am not any closer to finding an answer to my question. What makes an album cover good? What is the thought process behind someone choosing a certain artwork for their album, and for someone looking around for an album to buy/listen to?
 
A former girlfriend's deceased father once said he ate pumpernickel bread. "Because you like it," said a good friend. "No," he answered. "I eat it because it's good bread. There's a difference."
 
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I'll just add a few of the first vinyl albums I owned.
My favourite was Ogdens' Nut Gone Flake by the Small Faces (1968). It opened up into 4 connected circular sections and a poster of the band.The others will probably be known to most of you.

The last one is not a copy, it's a tribute I designed during Covid for a Tshirt. :)
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IMO one of the main considerations when it comes to an album cover is Branding

Whatever image or piece of art that is chosen as the album cover will be forever associated with the music and the ideas and vibes that the musicians were trying to get across at the time. Whether the listener really understands how the album cover ties in with the music or not, if there even is such a connection, in the end the album cover ends up representing the album and the music on it from a branding standpoint. So IMO it makes sense for the musicians to pick something that makes sense to them, since they are the ones who presumably were the creative forces behind the writing of the music and lyrics.. so they might as well get to decide what image will represent the music and the ideas the musicians were trying to get across on the album.

Branding can serve multiple purposes.. It can be functional, in that it can tell the audience what kind of music to expect. If the album cover has trumpets on it, the listener would probably expect to hear trumpet sounds in many of the songs. If it's a bunch of mean looking guys with long hair who are wearing leather and standing over the carcass of a dead animal, the message being sent is that the music might appeal to those who enjoy specific subgenres of metal. Those who are a part of that subculture would be able to look at that album cover and understand that this is the music of their people. Those who prefer to listen to polka music and dislike black metal would be able to look at that album cover and very quickly decide to move on to something else. So, I see many album covers serving functional purposes, from a branding standpoint. They are an attempt to drive the right kind of people to the music, warning others to stay away.

Sometimes I feel that the album cover is more about the musician rather than the specific album at hand.



Some album covers attempt to tie hopefully iconic imagery to the music. If the music is iconic too then that can end up working quite well.



In the end this is.. well, art. So there are many reasons and justifications for why someone used this and that as an album cover, and the audience can have their own opinions and points of view on this as well.. The same album cover can mean different things to different people. But in the end album covers remind us of the music that they are associated with, whatever interpretations of them we might all have in our minds or what interpretations of them the original artists might have had when they picked them.
 
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