Slavery's certainly not a direct cause of any of this, but I do think it underlies everything. Like you said, there has been a huge shift in whites' attitudes ... but no real shift in blacks', and that's the problem. Blacks still define themselves in their relation with whites. If somehow one day the U.S. became entirely black, I doubt there would be any "black problem" --- there'd be plenty of great black students (and bad ones), plenty of great black leaders (and bad ones), plenty of great black parents (and bad ones), great black scientists and engineers, etc., just like white people right now. But right now white people are dominant in school and business and politics, and if you want to be successful you
may be able to become successful purely as an individual (like a rapper) or within a niche (like the black-operated Fubu company), but for the most part if you want to be successful you have to enter the "white world," so blacks keep themselves below whites, desperate to maintain a separate identity. Like in
this study, demonstrating that successful black students aren't accused of "acting white" as much when the school has more black people and fewer white people.