The term is meaningful in the context of history, as it's the science of proving life comes from life, and has discrete units, contrary to older concepts of 'spontaneous generation'.
it is known as cell theory because according to the theory itself, the theory cannot exist because where did the first cell come from? Therefore, the theory proves itself wrong (cells can't only come from other cells if there was a first). It is only thought to be correct at all because it does, from now, follow the same pattern.
In colloquial speech a theory is an unproven conjecture about something. The lack of proof implies doubt.
In science it is an explanation of how things are. (see warpus's post for a more precise definition). It is technically unproven because it is impossible to prove anything in science with the rigor of a mathematical proof.
Therefore in a sense "an unproven conjecture" is the one definition of Theory, but the word is used in drastically different ways.
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