At no point did I say that casual players are stupid. In the post I was replying to, it assumed that most players are casual, and that firaxis should not bother to learn how their game works at a higher level in order to balance it. This to me is crazy talk, if you are making a strategy game, the lead designers should understand the game systems well enough to have a firm grasp on the heuristic tree and the core pillars of the game in order to improve the game. Now I don't think anyone is looking for "Perfect Balance", more that we should look to the largest imbalances, and try to bring them under control. The easiest way to look for imbalance, is to study the best players in the community (I am not one of them) and report what the most egregious strategies are. This brings me to the next reply below:
This is a very nuanced discussion, and has been had for many years on this forum. Like I said above, if you look to the best players in the community, you can see which areas they exploit the most to get the best results. If these methods/exploits are used often enough, and lead to overwhelmingly better outcomes every game, then that something should probably receive some balancing measures. I do agree that a lot of casual players will also notice glaring imbalances, but maybe they wont understand the extent of them like an Elite player would. Here is a good example:
I once played a lot of Civ5 with my friends, I would often take the 'Honor' Social Policy Tree because I liked the look of it, my friends on the other hand would often take 'Tradition'. We were all casual players, and I just assumed that the developers had balanced the Social Policy Trees well enough that I wouldn't be severely handicapped for taking a certain tree, as long as I played to the strengths of that tree. In most of these games I would often find myself at a massive disadvantage, so much so that I wanted to keep taking the 'Honor' tree to prove that it could be used effectively and the game was infact well balanced. A few years passed, and later I learned that it was well understood in the community that Tradition was far and away better to take in 99.9% of situations than Honor. All that time, I was wasting my time trying to make a strategy work that was doomed from the start because basically the developers couldn't be bothered to balance it. This is poor game design, and all it does is make the casual player feel bad, and the Elite player have way less options for different strategies.
So to answer the question as best I can, in terms of balance, I think the goal should be to have a broad spectrum of viable strategic options. And I am not saying that all decision making should be made equal so everything is perfectly balanced, part of the game is trying to find good combinations within the mechanics and leaning on those to gain an advantage in the game. But we should try to crack down upon oppressive strategies that are the best option to run with in 99% of games. These elements take all the fun and strategic depth out of the game. In terms of map size/difficulty level etc, the game should aim to allow different strategies to be viable on as many of the different map sizes as possible. That is why things like Number of Tourists required for culture victory is different depending on number of players, and hopefully is balanced accordingly.
I must say it...
First of all.
If you look to the best players... elite.
Jesus Christ 99% of people are not the best hardcore minimaxes. Not even in this forum and not even those 5% who beat deity. Maybe people just need to focus on what THEY like, or what is fun for THEM, not that mythic elite pro gamers. The world would be better.
Second of all Exploits are unintentional glitches. They have nothing to do with balance issues. Of course, they should be removed as quickly as possible, but balancing game is an intentional process. Possible exploits are not.
And now ad meritum.
This is a very good definition and a very good start point for the discussion: the goal should be to have a broad spectrum of viable strategic options.
And now those viable strategic resources depend on:
1. player abilities to utilize them
2. difficulty level that pushes a border and makes efficient options more narrow.
The truth is every game is imbalanced. It only depends on those two factors above how imbalanced it is from your subjective point of view.
Let's take a minimaxer example:
Their aim is ALWAYS to find the best possible path. Better he is its playstyle MUST become more and more narrow. As I said even the best possible balanced game has its meta and optimal paths of play. The problem is not to make a game to easy for those players too soon and let the game be challenging as long as it possibly can. But it is a problem of a vast minority of players. What helps to make the game challenging for them is usually difficulty level.
And now let's take a casual player or player who wants to play just for fun - or just to choose a cool looking stuff. In this case scenario, they should have the possibility to take strategic options they want - not always the best possible - and still be able to win. And again you can archive that aim by difficulty level. So the game must be equally easy for casuals and equally challenging for hardcore players at the same time. This is a real good balance.
The problem I see is either people want to play casual and archive minimaxes effects or want to have a game almost independent from your strategic decisions because, in the end, all victory paths are expected to be equally viable. This is not the way how it works.
What I mean: if someone wants to have a game more fun with more viable strategies it is always a possibility to play on lower difficulties. If someone wants to have a game more challenging with less viable strategies it is always a possibility to switch to a higher difficulty level. A Fair balanced game is a game that provides that kind of experience to the largest number of players for the longest possible time period. There is no such thing as one point of perfect balance. Better you play more efficient strategies you can use. I don't know why people bother so much with minimax elite opinions, must always play on higher difficulties, and complains how narrow is a strategy. It is not a shame to play even on settler you like it. Who the hell said you must be hardcore best in a video game and lost all fun from the game. Never play a single game with Georgia because someone else said it is weak. Never try to win religion game because someone else said it's bad and boring. Is it your game and your time or "elite players" one? This is just a game at the end. Honestly, people are too much focused on efficiency and somewhere lost all fun...