OK, and here are the answers:
1.) Who was Kaspar Hauser?
A strange boy who was found in Nürnberg (Nuremburg) in 1828. He had been kept in seclusion all his life and was thus ********; he was murdered in 1833 and it was alleged that he was the legitimate heir to the Grand Duke of Baden. Heres a link to the story, its fascinating.
http://kbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~jutta/me/notes/kaspar-hauser.html
2.) Where was the German Reich proclaimed (unified) in 1871? Why there?
In the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. Prussia had just won their war against France and signed the peace treaty there. I counted to humiliate the French as correct also.
3.) Who was the Lakota (Sioux) war chief who led them against Custer at Little Bighorn? Bonus: What was his Indian name? Bonus: How did he die?
Most of you said Sitting Bull, but he was not the war chief and did not lead the warriors into combat that was Crazy Horse. His Indian name was Tashunka-witko (different spellings), of which Crazy Horse is a bad translation; its more like Furious Horse. After being forced to surrender some years later, he was murdered by his guards; when he balked at being thrown into a dark prison, a guard held his arms while a second bayonetted him. A shameful death for a brave warrior who was never defeated in battle!
Heres a link:
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/crazyhorse.htm
4.) Napoleon was exiled twice to islands. Which were they? Bonus: he is alleged to have been murdered. How?
First to Elba and then to St. Helena. It was alleged that his British jailors had murdered him by slow arsenic poisoning, though modern analysis of his remains suggests that was not the case.
5.) Who was Dicke Bertha (Fat Bertha)?
A German 42 cm mortar of WWI, used to destroy otherwise impregnable fortifications. It was nicknamed after Bertha Krupp (Krupp built the mortar). Heres a picture:
http://www.westfront.de/00289.htm
6.) What happened at Wounded Knee?
The last of the Indian massacres. The US Army massacred an Indian encampment of mostly women and children, using Hotchkiss cannon. Heres another link:
http://www.lastoftheindependents.com/wounded.htm
7.) Who was the Iron Chancellor?
Otto von Bismarck
8.) Where was the French capitulation to Germany in WW II signed and why there? Bonus: Hitler is supposed to have danced a jig at the capitulation. What actually happened?
In the forest of Compiegne outside Paris (no, NOT Versailles this time) at the same place and in the very same railroad car where the Germans signed the armistice of 1918.
Surprisingly, most of you knew the real story about Hitlers jig: it was a propaganda device where Allied newsmen spliced newsreel footage cleverly, repeating certain movements, so it looked like Hitler was dancing for joy.
9.) What is Otto Skorzenys principal claim to fame?
He rescued Hitlers ally Benito Mussolini from his confinement at Gran Sasso in the Alps with a commando of parachutists.
10.) Who was the (scientific) head of the German atomic program in WWII? Bonus: What scientific principle bears his name?
Werner Heisenberg. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Originally stating that you can only measure the speed or the position of an electron, never both, its more generally used as a statement that no scientific observation is possible uninfluenced by the observer.
Heres another link:
http://www.aip.org/history/heisenberg/p01.htm