Aside from the obvious troop shuffling on your borders, and/or the civ involved you can't really tell for sure.
In my last game I spawned near Maria. To prevent her from forward settling me I DOWed here early to take part in some worker stealing. Once all that was done we had a perpetual DOF, which i had with most civs. Fast forward to the modern era and I'm 8 turns from Plastics, and having unlocked gunboat diplomacy I was planning on building as many infantry as I could support and invade Portugal. I decide to denounce early after the DOF had ran out but when I clicked next turn both Maria and Theodora DOWed me, needless to say I lost Honolulu(and recaptured).