That's not true. There have been MANY coolings and warmings over the last 1000 years alone
Yes, there have been many coolings and warmings, but the scale of these has been "small" relative to the differences in civ tile types. There have NOT been coolings and warmings in on the order where the kinds of changes being talked (see quote below) about have occurred on a large scale.
DURING COOLINGS: Affected snow tiles becomes impassable ice, tundras become snow tiles, plains would turn to tundras, grasslands to plains, jungle to forests. Water tiles have a higher chance of freezing the further north one goes. Lakes might become frozen over, rivers may stop flowing altogether past a certain lattitude north or south.
DURING WARMINGS: Affected ice tiles become snow or water tiles, forests become jungles, grassland becomes plains, plains become deserts, lakes become oasises or grasslands, and rivers change course.
DURING BASELINE: Affected ice tiles will slowly migrate (glaciers) "downstream", creating rivers and lakes before them, and valleys behind them, changing the landscape and leaving resources (like stone) in their wake. Rivers occasionally change course by a tile or so every couple of hundred years.
Again, wrong. See my earlier note.
You mean your note which talks about water freezing over *winter*? Not year-round? See the difference?
At no point in the last 1000 years have for example the Great Lakes in North America been consistently frozen over throughout the year.
A change in global temperature average of 1-2 degrees C is not the same as a change in global average temperatures of 3-5 degrees.
Recognize the difference between "there has been some variation" and "there has been variation on the scale necessary to cause large numbers of forest tiles to change to jungle, plains tiles to grassland or desert, grassland tiles to tundra, tundra to ice, etc.".
Colonial art often shows deep snows and ice filled rivers during the winters. The winter of 1780 was so cold in Virginia that the Norfolk Historical Society says the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay froze solid and men walked across it.
So, they had one cold winter.
That is not the same as Virginia becoming tundra, or with lakes freezing permanently.
Virginia in colonial times would still best be represented by the Grassland terrain type, with Forest.
I'm sorry, but again, I'm afraid you are speaking from assumption, and not fact
You're awfully patronizing for someone who is completely wrong.
Yes, some glaciers have advanced. But they have NOT been carving out large new valleys; they have been advancing down the valleys formed during the last ice age. At least not outside Antarctica and Greenland.
See the difference?
And from your own source:
A few glaciers have periods of very rapid advancement called surges. These glaciers exhibit normal movement until suddenly they accelerate, then return to their previous state. During these surges, the glacier may reach velocities far greater than normal speed
You cannot take a fast annual advance rate and extrapolate it out over a long period of time.
Look, just because where you are has remained more or less the same during your lifetime, and our current society has a concentration span of about 15 seconds, doesn't entitle you to make such wrong blanket assertations about the Earth. You really need to look this stuff up and do some serious reading on it before you say those kinds of things, because it makes you look like a child repeating stuff they heard off Fox News.
I have done my reading. Have you?
Please provide evidence of major large-scale biome shifts in the last 1000 years. Was Europe tundra, or desert? Was the Amazon forest rather than Jungle?
I think you don't realize how large are the differences in climate actually represented by the handful of extreme biome classifications represented in Civ. We have ice, tundra, plains, grassland, desert, with forest and jungle (and floodplains). That's *it*. So it takes a huge climate shift to actually change an area from one tile type to another.
Where are the new lakes that are dozens of km across? Where are the large rivers that have changed course by hundreds of km?
You're the one who sounds like you repeat things you've heard on Fox.
However, just because you don't consider something fun, doesn't mean someone else wouldn't
Just because you think something would be fun (oooh, more tedious micromanagement!) doesn't mean that it SHOULD be in the game.
Simlarly, randomness for its own sake (eg a chance that my great city spot might become bad because the river moves away and its grassland turn to tundra) is not fun either.
Trees perspire to be able to move water up the tree from the roots.
Water enters roots-> water-through the powers of adhesion and cohesion- pull themselves up the tree do to the transpiration pull caused by diffusion out of the stomata. Therefore if trees perspire water, the make rain. (If you are bored, get a plastic grocery bag and put it over some leaves and seal the bag off. you can have a cup of water in a matter of hours :O)
Note the difference between "making rain" and "increasing water available for human consumption/irrigation/hydro power.
Even if there is an increase in precitipitation, trees tend to then consume more water than they provide.
There are lots of good reasons to plant trees and prevent deforestation, but providing more water for agriculture isn't one of them. (Reducing soil erosions, which supports agriculture, is though.)
how do forests cause rain? my concern is that with no trees left nothing holds the top soil down causing it to wash down stream, with no good soil nothing grows to hold the soil down, creating a vicious cycle
